Question

我有一个包含10万行的gtf文件，我想在其第一个字段中简单地添加一个字母'm'：

chr1    HAVANA  gene    3073253 3074322 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000102693.1"; gene_type "TEC"; gene_name "4933401J01Rik"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTMUSG00000049935.1";
chr1    HAVANA  transcript      3073253 3074322 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000102693.1"; transcript_id "ENSMUST00000193812.1"; gene_type "TEC"; gene_name "4933401J01Rik"; transcript_type "TEC"; tr
chr1    HAVANA  exon    3073253 3074322 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000102693.1"; transcript_id "ENSMUST00000193812.1"; gene_type "TEC"; gene_name "4933401J01Rik"; transcript_type "TEC"; transcript
chr1    ENSEMBL gene    3102016 3102125 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000064842.1"; gene_type "snRNA"; gene_name "Gm26206"; level 3;
chr1    ENSEMBL transcript      3102016 3102125 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000064842.1"; transcript_id "ENSMUST00000082908.1"; gene_type "snRNA"; gene_name "Gm26206"; transcript_type "snRNA"; tran
chr1    ENSEMBL exon    3102016 3102125 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000064842.1"; transcript_id "ENSMUST00000082908.1"; gene_type "snRNA"; gene_name "Gm26206"; transcript_type "snRNA"; transcript_n
chr1    HAVANA  gene    3205901 3671498 .       -       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000051951.5"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_name "Xkr4"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTMUSG00000026353.2";

所需的输出为：

mchr1    HAVANA  gene    3073253 3074322 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000102693.1"; gene_type "TEC"; gene_name "4933401J01Rik"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTMUSG00000049935.1";
mchr1    HAVANA  transcript      3073253 3074322 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000102693.1"; transcript_id "ENSMUST00000193812.1"; gene_type "TEC"; gene_name "4933401J01Rik"; transcript_type "TEC"; tr
mchr1    HAVANA  exon    3073253 3074322 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000102693.1"; transcript_id "ENSMUST00000193812.1"; gene_type "TEC"; gene_name "4933401J01Rik"; transcript_type "TEC"; transcript
mchr1    ENSEMBL gene    3102016 3102125 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000064842.1"; gene_type "snRNA"; gene_name "Gm26206"; level 3;
mchr1    ENSEMBL transcript      3102016 3102125 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000064842.1"; transcript_id "ENSMUST00000082908.1"; gene_type "snRNA"; gene_name "Gm26206"; transcript_type "snRNA"; tran
mchr1    ENSEMBL exon    3102016 3102125 .       +       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000064842.1"; transcript_id "ENSMUST00000082908.1"; gene_type "snRNA"; gene_name "Gm26206"; transcript_type "snRNA"; transcript_n
mchr1    HAVANA  gene    3205901 3671498 .       -       .       gene_id "ENSMUSG00000051951.5"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_name "Xkr4"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTMUSG00000026353.2";

Answer 1

您可以使用awk将字母添加到行的开头。这里$0表示整行。

echo "hey there" |awk '{$0="m"$0}1'
mhey there

或sed：这里^代表行的开始。如果要将更改直接反映到文件中，请使用-i或-i.bak标志和sed命令。

echo "hey there" |sed 's/^/m/'
mhey there

Answer 2

在这里还可以通过1种方式添加，而不是在行中编辑或添加字符。

awk '{print "m"$0}' Input_file

Answer 3

使用sed会更好：

sed -e 's/^/m/' file

添加-i进行就地更改。（对于MacOS，{-i ''）

使用awk，可以这样做：

awk 'sub(/^/,"m")' file

如何使用AWK在字段中添加字母

3 个答案: