Tomcat嵌入式项目可在Eclipse中运行，但无法作为可运行的Jar

时间：2019-02-17 10:11:16

标签： tomcat executable-jar

目标是在包含Tomcat Embedded的独立可执行jar中创建一个webapp。
它可以完美地构建和运行，并且在Eclipse中没有任何问题。然后，将项目导出为“ Runnable Jar”文件并尝试使用java -jar filename.jar从cmd控制台运行该项目后，它将失败，并出现许多错误。

只有一个文件。这是代码： 

package test.example.tomcat;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;


public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // URL in browser would be:
        // localhost:8080/tce/
         try {
            new Main().start();
        } catch (MalformedURLException | ServletException | LifecycleException e) {
            System.out.println("Error: Setting up Tomcat failed.\n"+e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void start() throws ServletException, LifecycleException, MalformedURLException {

    Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    // set port
    String webPort = System.getenv("PORT");
    if(webPort == null || webPort.isEmpty()) {
        webPort = "8080";
    }
    tomcat.setPort(Integer.valueOf(webPort));

    // detrmine webapp local path
    String webappDirLocation = "WebContent/";
    // detrmine context path
    String contextPath = "/tce";
    // detrmine base directory for files
    String docBase = new File(webappDirLocation).getAbsolutePath();
    // detrmine servlet name
    String servletName = "TcEEx";
    // detrmine root url path
    String urlPattern = "/";

    // create a very basic servlet
    HttpServlet servlet = new HttpServlet() {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

        @Override
        public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
            System.out.println("Gooooooooooooooooood Morning!");                
        }

        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
            PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();

            writer.println("<html><title>Welcome</title><body>");
            writer.println("<h1>Have a Great Day!</h1>");
            writer.println("</body></html>");
        }
    };

    // set server base directory
    tomcat.setBaseDir(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
    // instantiate context
    Context ctx = tomcat.addContext(contextPath, docBase);
    // add regular servlet
    tomcat.addServlet(contextPath, servletName, servlet);
    // map servlet
    ctx.addServletMappingDecoded(urlPattern, servletName);
    // get the default HTTP connector
    tomcat.getConnector();

    // start server
    try {
        tomcat.start();
    } catch (LifecycleException e) {
        System.out.println("Error: Starting Tomcat failed."+e.getMessage());
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    tomcat.getServer().await();
    }

}

控制台输出： 

Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service [Tomcat]
Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.16]
Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:928)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.start(Main.java:98)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.main(Main.java:26)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.jarinjarloader.JarRsrcLoader.main(JarRsrcLoader.java:58)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:139)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:4783)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4918)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: java.lang.Error: factory already defined
        at java.net.URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.<init>(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:130)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.getInstanceInternal(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:53)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.register(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:77)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.registerURLStreamHandlerFactory(StandardRoot.java:699)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.initInternal(StandardRoot.java:682)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
        ... 32 more

Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:928)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.start(Main.java:98)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.main(Main.java:26)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.jarinjarloader.JarRsrcLoader.main(JarRsrcLoader.java:58)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:921)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 14 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:139)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:4783)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4918)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: java.lang.Error: factory already defined
        at java.net.URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.<init>(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:130)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.getInstanceInternal(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:53)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.register(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:77)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.registerURLStreamHandlerFactory(StandardRoot.java:699)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.initInternal(StandardRoot.java:682)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
        ... 32 more

Error: Starting Tomcat failed.A child container failed during start
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:921)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:928)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.start(Main.java:98)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.main(Main.java:26)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.jarinjarloader.JarRsrcLoader.main(JarRsrcLoader.java:58)
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        ... 14 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:921)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 14 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:139)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:4783)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4918)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: java.lang.Error: factory already defined
        at java.net.URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.<init>(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:130)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.getInstanceInternal(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:53)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.register(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:77)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.registerURLStreamHandlerFactory(StandardRoot.java:699)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.initInternal(StandardRoot.java:682)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
        ... 32 more

相关详细信息：

  • 嵌入式Apache Tomcat 9.0.16
  • Tomcat的罐子位于类路径（Java构建路径）中
  • Eclipse Oxygen.3a 4.7.3a
  • 创建为动态Web项目的Webapp
  • 不使用maven / gradle等，也不使用Spring之类的框架。手动执行。
  • Java 1.8.201
  • Win7 / x64

在研究了关于stackoverflow / google的类似问题及其建议/答案之后，以下是一些对帐尝试失败（或被排除在外）以解决此问题：

  • 在导出之前清理/重建项目。
  • 经过验证的Tomcat jar包含在我的jar中。
  • 确保端口空闲。
  • 重新下载Jars
  • 在Eclipse可执行jar对话框中尝试三种库处理选项中的每一个
  • 将项目重新创建为Java项目而不是动态Web应用程序（这实际上使该项目不在Eclipse中运行）。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：0)

好吧，我自己解决了这个问题，所以我将这个问题发布并亲自回答，因为对于一个运行正常的Web应用程序来说，这是一个非常小巧的代码示例，具有最新的Tomcat嵌入式代码，可以轻松打包放入一个自包含且可执行的jar中，而没有任何第3方jar / fat jar包装工具或打包自动化工具。我希望有人将这个解决方案留给我。本可以节省这么多时间和精力。

这是怎么回事：
第一步
从原始问题的控制台输出中可以看出，类和方法之间存在一些冲突。发生这种情况的原因是，当Eclipse将项目导出到可运行的jar文件时，选择了错误的选项。
有3个选项：

  • 将所需的库提取到生成的JAR中
  • 将所需的库打包到生成的JAR中
  • 将所需的库复制到生成的JAR旁边的子文件夹中

选择第二个，但随后发生冲突。选择第一个选项时，不会发生这些冲突。

第二步
但是，由于缺少WebContent目录（预期该目录与jar路径相同），它仍然无法运行。因此，一种快速的解决方案是在程序首次使用
启动时创建该目录，以证明它可与该目录一起使用（当然不用于生产）。 新File（“ ./ WebContent”）。mkdirs（）;
例如在主要方法中或使用之前的任何地方。

修改
唯一的警告是，由于此选项提取依赖项jar并将其重新打包为相同的vendor + project的原始依赖项jar，具有相同的域，并且会混合使用，这在将来添加许多jar时也可能导致文件名冲突。因此，我仍然<开放>开放给答案更好的人，而该问题并不需要过多依赖第三方工具。如果主jar可以将其他依赖项保存为jar，而不是提取为jar，那将是很好的。即使路径相同的情况，也不允许混合依赖项文件的另一种方法也将很好。

相关问题
最新问题