使Windows完全忘记MTP设备
我正在为数据采集设备添加MTP（媒体传输协议）支持。我遇到了一些困难，因为Windows 积极地缓存有关此类设备的详细信息-我的许多更改都没有可见效果，因为Windows仅使用其缓存的值而不是查询设备。我可以测试这些更改的唯一方法是将设备插入另一台计算机-但是我已经用尽了其他计算机。
那么，如何使Windows完全忘记MTP设备并将其视为全新设备？在“设备管理器”中卸载设备，然后再将其拔出并重新插入，将无法完成该工作。我正在Windows 7机器上进行开发，但需要了解其他版本的答案，并且最终需要在所有版本下进行测试。
1 个答案:
答案 0 :(得分：1)
这不是一件容易的事，但可以完成。您将必须使用工具，注册表编辑等的组合。在播放之前，我强烈建议您进行备份。
我首先要从一个漂亮的工具USBDeview开始，您可以使用它来收集信息。找到您的设备，然后右键单击该设备，然后选择打开INF文件。在哪里可以找到所有用于设备删除的必要信息。
下一步转到高级系统设置并打开设备管理器。从菜单查看->中进行选择，然后选中显示隐藏的设备 如果您发现设备为隐藏设备，则可以尝试将其卸载。这可能是您要搜索的缓存。
例如，我在不同的地方找到了两个MTP设备。一个直接在 Universal Serial Bus controllers 部分中，第二个在 Universal Serial Bus devices 中。因此，您可以选择。
如果您想通过脚本自动删除隐藏的设备，可以运行以下PS脚本（位于blog）（版权归Alexander Boersc和trententtye所有）-请阅读示例部分脚本示例：
.SYNOPSIS
Removes ghost devices from your system
.DESCRIPTION
This script will remove ghost devices from your system. These are devices that are present but have a "InstallState" as false. These devices are typically shown as 'faded'
in Device Manager, when you select "Show hidden and devices" from the view menu. This script has been tested on Windows 2008 R2 SP2 with PowerShell 3.0, 5.1 and Server 2012R2
with Powershell 4.0. There is no warranty with this script. Please use cautiously as removing devices is a destructive process without an undo.
.PARAMETER filterByFriendlyName
This parameter will exclude devices that match the partial name provided. This paramater needs to be specified in an array format for all the friendly names you want to be excluded from removal.
"Intel" will match "Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 @ 2.70GHz". "Loop" will match "Microsoft Loopback Adapter".
.PARAMETER filterByClass
This parameter will exclude devices that match the class name provided. This paramater needs to be specified in an array format for all the class names you want to be excluded from removal.
This is an exact string match so "Disk" will not match "DiskDrive".
.PARAMETER listDevicesOnly
listDevicesOnly will output a table of all devices found in this system.
.PARAMETER listGhostDevicesOnly
listGhostDevicesOnly will output a table of all 'ghost' devices found in this system.
.EXAMPLE
Lists all devices
. "removeGhosts.ps1" -listDevicesOnly
.EXAMPLE
Save the list of devices as an object
$Devices = . "removeGhosts.ps1" -listDevicesOnly
.EXAMPLE
Lists all 'ghost' devices
. "removeGhosts.ps1" -listGhostDevicesOnly
.EXAMPLE
Save the list of 'ghost' devices as an object
$ghostDevices = . "removeGhosts.ps1" -listGhostDevicesOnly
.EXAMPLE
Remove all ghost devices EXCEPT any devices that have "Intel" or "Citrix" in their friendly name
. "removeGhosts.ps1" -filterByFriendlyName @("Intel","Citrix")
.EXAMPLE
Remove all ghost devices EXCEPT any devices that are apart of the classes "LegacyDriver" or "Processor"
. "removeGhosts.ps1" -filterByClass @("LegacyDriver","Processor")
.EXAMPLE
Remove all ghost devices EXCEPT for devices with a friendly name of "Intel" or "Citrix" or with a class of "LegacyDriver" or "Processor"
. "removeGhosts.ps1" -filterByClass @("LegacyDriver","Processor") -filterByFriendlyName @("Intel","Citrix")
.NOTES
Permission level has not been tested. It is assumed you will need to have sufficient rights to uninstall devices from device manager for this script to run properly.
#>
Param(
[array]$FilterByClass,
[array]$FilterByFriendlyName,
[switch]$listDevicesOnly,
[switch]$listGhostDevicesOnly
)
#parameter futzing
$removeDevices = $true
if ($FilterByClass -ne $null) {
write-host "FilterByClass: $FilterByClass"
}
if ($FilterByFriendlyName -ne $null) {
write-host "FilterByFriendlyName: $FilterByFriendlyName"
}
if ($listDevicesOnly -eq $true) {
write-host "List devices without removal: $listDevicesOnly"
$removeDevices = $false
}
if ($listGhostDevicesOnly -eq $true) {
write-host "List ghost devices without removal: $listGhostDevicesOnly"
$removeDevices = $false
}
$setupapi = @"
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace Win32
{
public static class SetupApi
{
// 1st form using a ClassGUID only, with Enumerator = IntPtr.Zero
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(
ref Guid ClassGuid,
IntPtr Enumerator,
IntPtr hwndParent,
int Flags
);
// 2nd form uses an Enumerator only, with ClassGUID = IntPtr.Zero
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(
IntPtr ClassGuid,
string Enumerator,
IntPtr hwndParent,
int Flags
);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(
IntPtr DeviceInfoSet,
uint MemberIndex,
ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData
);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(
IntPtr DeviceInfoSet
);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(
IntPtr deviceInfoSet,
ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData,
uint property,
out UInt32 propertyRegDataType,
byte[] propertyBuffer,
uint propertyBufferSize,
out UInt32 requiredSize
);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceId(
IntPtr DeviceInfoSet,
ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData,
StringBuilder DeviceInstanceId,
int DeviceInstanceIdSize,
out int RequiredSize
);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetupDiRemoveDevice(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet,ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData);
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SP_DEVINFO_DATA
{
public uint cbSize;
public Guid classGuid;
public uint devInst;
public IntPtr reserved;
}
[Flags]
public enum DiGetClassFlags : uint
{
DIGCF_DEFAULT = 0x00000001, // only valid with DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE
DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x00000002,
DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x00000004,
DIGCF_PROFILE = 0x00000008,
DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x00000010,
}
public enum SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum : uint
{
SPDRP_DEVICEDESC = 0x00000000, // DeviceDesc (R/W)
SPDRP_HARDWAREID = 0x00000001, // HardwareID (R/W)
SPDRP_COMPATIBLEIDS = 0x00000002, // CompatibleIDs (R/W)
SPDRP_UNUSED0 = 0x00000003, // unused
SPDRP_SERVICE = 0x00000004, // Service (R/W)
SPDRP_UNUSED1 = 0x00000005, // unused
SPDRP_UNUSED2 = 0x00000006, // unused
SPDRP_CLASS = 0x00000007, // Class (R--tied to ClassGUID)
SPDRP_CLASSGUID = 0x00000008, // ClassGUID (R/W)
SPDRP_DRIVER = 0x00000009, // Driver (R/W)
SPDRP_CONFIGFLAGS = 0x0000000A, // ConfigFlags (R/W)
SPDRP_MFG = 0x0000000B, // Mfg (R/W)
SPDRP_FRIENDLYNAME = 0x0000000C, // FriendlyName (R/W)
SPDRP_LOCATION_INFORMATION = 0x0000000D, // LocationInformation (R/W)
SPDRP_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_OBJECT_NAME = 0x0000000E, // PhysicalDeviceObjectName (R)
SPDRP_CAPABILITIES = 0x0000000F, // Capabilities (R)
SPDRP_UI_NUMBER = 0x00000010, // UiNumber (R)
SPDRP_UPPERFILTERS = 0x00000011, // UpperFilters (R/W)
SPDRP_LOWERFILTERS = 0x00000012, // LowerFilters (R/W)
SPDRP_BUSTYPEGUID = 0x00000013, // BusTypeGUID (R)
SPDRP_LEGACYBUSTYPE = 0x00000014, // LegacyBusType (R)
SPDRP_BUSNUMBER = 0x00000015, // BusNumber (R)
SPDRP_ENUMERATOR_NAME = 0x00000016, // Enumerator Name (R)
SPDRP_SECURITY = 0x00000017, // Security (R/W, binary form)
SPDRP_SECURITY_SDS = 0x00000018, // Security (W, SDS form)
SPDRP_DEVTYPE = 0x00000019, // Device Type (R/W)
SPDRP_EXCLUSIVE = 0x0000001A, // Device is exclusive-access (R/W)
SPDRP_CHARACTERISTICS = 0x0000001B, // Device Characteristics (R/W)
SPDRP_ADDRESS = 0x0000001C, // Device Address (R)
SPDRP_UI_NUMBER_DESC_FORMAT = 0X0000001D, // UiNumberDescFormat (R/W)
SPDRP_DEVICE_POWER_DATA = 0x0000001E, // Device Power Data (R)
SPDRP_REMOVAL_POLICY = 0x0000001F, // Removal Policy (R)
SPDRP_REMOVAL_POLICY_HW_DEFAULT = 0x00000020, // Hardware Removal Policy (R)
SPDRP_REMOVAL_POLICY_OVERRIDE = 0x00000021, // Removal Policy Override (RW)
SPDRP_INSTALL_STATE = 0x00000022, // Device Install State (R)
SPDRP_LOCATION_PATHS = 0x00000023, // Device Location Paths (R)
SPDRP_BASE_CONTAINERID = 0x00000024 // Base ContainerID (R)
}
}
"@
Add-Type -TypeDefinition $setupapi
#Array for all removed devices report
$removeArray = @()
#Array for all devices report
$array = @()
$setupClass = [Guid]::Empty
#Get all devices
$devs = [Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetClassDevs([ref]$setupClass, [IntPtr]::Zero, [IntPtr]::Zero, [Win32.DiGetClassFlags]::DIGCF_ALLCLASSES)
#Initialise Struct to hold device info Data
$devInfo = new-object Win32.SP_DEVINFO_DATA
$devInfo.cbSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($devInfo)
#Device Counter
$devCount = 0
#Enumerate Devices
while([Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo($devs, $devCount, [ref]$devInfo)){
#Will contain an enum depending on the type of the registry Property, not used but required for call
$propType = 0
#Buffer is initially null and buffer size 0 so that we can get the required Buffer size first
[byte[]]$propBuffer = $null
$propBufferSize = 0
#Get Buffer size
[Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo, [Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_FRIENDLYNAME, [ref]$propType, $propBuffer, 0, [ref]$propBufferSize) | Out-null
#Initialize Buffer with right size
[byte[]]$propBuffer = New-Object byte[] $propBufferSize
#Get HardwareID
$propTypeHWID = 0
[byte[]]$propBufferHWID = $null
$propBufferSizeHWID = 0
[Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo, [Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_HARDWAREID, [ref]$propTypeHWID, $propBufferHWID, 0, [ref]$propBufferSizeHWID) | Out-null
[byte[]]$propBufferHWID = New-Object byte[] $propBufferSizeHWID
#Get DeviceDesc (this name will be used if no friendly name is found)
$propTypeDD = 0
[byte[]]$propBufferDD = $null
$propBufferSizeDD = 0
[Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo, [Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_DEVICEDESC, [ref]$propTypeDD, $propBufferDD, 0, [ref]$propBufferSizeDD) | Out-null
[byte[]]$propBufferDD = New-Object byte[] $propBufferSizeDD
#Get Install State
$propTypeIS = 0
[byte[]]$propBufferIS = $null
$propBufferSizeIS = 0
[Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo, [Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_INSTALL_STATE, [ref]$propTypeIS, $propBufferIS, 0, [ref]$propBufferSizeIS) | Out-null
[byte[]]$propBufferIS = New-Object byte[] $propBufferSizeIS
#Get Class
$propTypeCLSS = 0
[byte[]]$propBufferCLSS = $null
$propBufferSizeCLSS = 0
[Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo, [Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_CLASS, [ref]$propTypeCLSS, $propBufferCLSS, 0, [ref]$propBufferSizeCLSS) | Out-null
[byte[]]$propBufferCLSS = New-Object byte[] $propBufferSizeCLSS
[Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo,[Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_CLASS, [ref]$propTypeCLSS, $propBufferCLSS, $propBufferSizeCLSS, [ref]$propBufferSizeCLSS) | out-null
$Class = [System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString($propBufferCLSS)
#Read FriendlyName property into Buffer
if(![Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo,[Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_FRIENDLYNAME, [ref]$propType, $propBuffer, $propBufferSize, [ref]$propBufferSize)){
[Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo,[Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_DEVICEDESC, [ref]$propTypeDD, $propBufferDD, $propBufferSizeDD, [ref]$propBufferSizeDD) | out-null
$FriendlyName = [System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString($propBufferDD)
#The friendly Name ends with a weird character
if ($FriendlyName.Length -ge 1) {
$FriendlyName = $FriendlyName.Substring(0,$FriendlyName.Length-1)
}
} else {
#Get Unicode String from Buffer
$FriendlyName = [System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString($propBuffer)
#The friendly Name ends with a weird character
if ($FriendlyName.Length -ge 1) {
$FriendlyName = $FriendlyName.Substring(0,$FriendlyName.Length-1)
}
}
#InstallState returns true or false as an output, not text
$InstallState = [Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo,[Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_INSTALL_STATE, [ref]$propTypeIS, $propBufferIS, $propBufferSizeIS, [ref]$propBufferSizeIS)
# Read HWID property into Buffer
if(![Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty($devs, [ref]$devInfo,[Win32.SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyEnum]::SPDRP_HARDWAREID, [ref]$propTypeHWID, $propBufferHWID, $propBufferSizeHWID, [ref]$propBufferSizeHWID)){
#Ignore if Error
$HWID = ""
} else {
#Get Unicode String from Buffer
$HWID = [System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString($propBufferHWID)
#trim out excess names and take first object
$HWID = $HWID.split([char]0x0000)[0].ToUpper()
}
#all detected devices list
$obj = New-Object System.Object
$obj | Add-Member -type NoteProperty -name FriendlyName -value $FriendlyName
$obj | Add-Member -type NoteProperty -name HWID -value $HWID
$obj | Add-Member -type NoteProperty -name InstallState -value $InstallState
$obj | Add-Member -type NoteProperty -name Class -value $Class
if ($array.count -le 0) {
#for some reason the script will blow by the first few entries without displaying the output
#this brief pause seems to let the objects get created/displayed so that they are in order.
sleep 1
}
$array += @($obj)
<#
We need to execute the filtering at this point because we are in the current device context
where we can execute an action (eg, removal).
InstallState : False == ghosted device
#>
$matchFilter = $false
if ($removeDevices -eq $true) {
#we want to remove devices so lets check the filters...
if ($FilterByClass -ne $null) {
foreach ($ClassFilter in $FilterByClass) {
if ($ClassFilter -eq $Class) {
Write-verbose "Class filter match $ClassFilter, skipping"
$matchFilter = $true
}
}
}
if ($FilterByFriendlyName -ne $null) {
foreach ($FriendlyNameFilter in $FilterByFriendlyName) {
if ($FriendlyName -like '*'+$FriendlyNameFilter+'*') {
Write-verbose "FriendlyName filter match $FriendlyName, skipping"
$matchFilter = $true
}
}
}
if ($InstallState -eq $False) {
if ($matchFilter -eq $false) {
Write-Host "Attempting to removing device $FriendlyName" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$removeObj = New-Object System.Object
$removeObj | Add-Member -type NoteProperty -name FriendlyName -value $FriendlyName
$removeObj | Add-Member -type NoteProperty -name HWID -value $HWID
$removeObj | Add-Member -type NoteProperty -name InstallState -value $InstallState
$removeObj | Add-Member -type NoteProperty -name Class -value $Class
$removeArray += @($removeObj)
if([Win32.SetupApi]::SetupDiRemoveDevice($devs, [ref]$devInfo)){
Write-Host "Removed device $FriendlyName" -ForegroundColor Green
} else {
Write-Host "Failed to remove device $FriendlyName" -ForegroundColor Red
}
} else {
write-host "Filter matched. Skipping $FriendlyName" -ForegroundColor Yellow
}
}
}
$devcount++
}
#output objects so you can take the output from the script
if ($listDevicesOnly) {
$allDevices = $array | sort -Property FriendlyName | ft
$allDevices
write-host "Total devices found : $($array.count)"
$ghostDevices = ($array | where {$_.InstallState -eq $false} | sort -Property FriendlyName)
write-host "Total ghost devices found : $($ghostDevices.count)"
return $allDevices | out-null
}
if ($listGhostDevicesOnly) {
$ghostDevices = ($array | where {$_.InstallState -eq $false} | sort -Property FriendlyName)
$ghostDevices | ft
write-host "Total ghost devices found : $($ghostDevices.count)"
return $ghostDevices | out-null
}
if ($removeDevices -eq $true) {
write-host "Removed devices:"
$removeArray | sort -Property FriendlyName | ft
write-host "Total removed devices : $($removeArray.count)"
return $removeArray | out-null
}
删除所有隐藏的设备之后。现在，您可以在注册表中搜索由 ClassGUID = 表示的字符串（不带大括号），并删除注册表中的所有字符串，并根据inf文件中的其余信息查找剩余的信息。
编辑-固定设备管理器+添加了有关Device Manager（Win10）的详细信息
我上面所说的“卸载”的意思是在隐藏状态下卸载它（我不确定我们是否互相理解->因此我要添加信息）：
这是正常连接时的样子：
与Windows断开连接（但仍通过USB电缆连接）：
从USB端口断开连接（注意灰色图标）-这是我认为最好将其卸载的时候：
如何查看隐藏的项目：
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