在我要创建的程序中，我正在使用Turtle创建一个12小时的数字闹钟，其中每个数字（hh：mm）都会改变，就好像时钟要经过24小时一样。但是，我用来设置分钟数和所在位置的时针的一些变量的值并没有改变，即使我已经设置它们可以在满足某些条件时加起来。
因此，基本上，我已经设置了乌龟画一张桌子，并在那张桌子上摆着钟表的身体和脸。但更重要的是，我制造了6只海龟，一只代表小时数和分钟数之间的点，一只代表AM / PM，另一只代表每个数字。它们都是由我上面描述的每只海龟的单独功能绘制的。我有一个单独的.txt文档，每行5位，对应于每只数字指针需要更改的点。使用AM / PM和十位小时数功能，我建立了一个基本的if和else语句，如果与该特定功能相对应的位为0，则十位将为0，或如果该位为1，则其为1。但是，对于其余的数字，如果该位为0，则相应的函数将重复其所做的最后绘制，并保存在自己的图中功能。如果该位为1，则将其保存在变量中，然后将其与另一个变量一起用于模运算，该变量将产生与下一个循环或旋转数相对应的数字。例如，对于某人的分针，可以出现的数字为0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8和9。如果模运算结果为3，则数字将为同样是3。将3保存在变量中，以便当该位显示为0时，该函数可以显示之前的数字。同样，如果模数运算结果为0，则我在模数函数中描述的第二个变量每次都会添加一定的数字。在一个人的分针的情况下，该数字为10。仅此而已。我的代码如下：
#Program Setup
import turtle
import time
num = turtle.Turtle()
num2 = turtle.Turtle()
num3 = turtle.Turtle()
num4 = turtle.Turtle()
text = turtle.Turtle()
binlist = []
com = 12
com1 = 6
com2 = 10
bits = 0
bits1 = 0
bits2 = 0
#Function Setup
def hour1(bit1,g):
if int(bit1) == 0:
num.clear()
g = num.write("0",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
else:
num.clear()
g = num.write("1",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
def hour2(bit2,g1,bits,com):
if int(bit2) == 0:
num2.clear()
g1
else:
bits +=1
return bits
if int(bits) % int(com) == 1:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("1",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 2:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("2",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 3:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("3",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 4:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("4",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 5:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("5",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 6:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("6",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 7:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("7",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 8:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("8",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 9:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("9",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 10:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("0",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits) % int(com) == 11:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("1",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
else:
num2.clear()
g1 = num2.write("2",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
com += 12
return com
def min1(bit3,g2,bits1,com1):
if int(bit3) == 0:
num3.clear()
g2
else:
bits1 += 1
return bits1
if int(bits1) % int(com1) == 1:
num3.clear()
g2 = num3.write("1",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits1) % int(com1) == 2:
num3.clear()
g2 = num3.write("2",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits1) % int(com1) == 3:
num3.clear()
g2 = num3.write("3",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits1) % int(com1) == 4:
num3.clear()
g2 = num3.write("4",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits1) % int(com1) == 5:
num3.clear()
g2 = num3.write("5",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
else:
num3.clear()
g2 = num3.write("0",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
com1 += 6
return com1
def min2(bit4,g3,bits2,com2):
if int(bit4) == 0:
g3
else:
bits2 += 1
return bits2
if int(bits2) % int(com2) == 1:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("1",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits2) % int(com2) == 2:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("2",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits2) % int(com2) == 3:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("3",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits2) % int(com2) == 4:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("4",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits2) % int(com2) == 5:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("5",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits2) % int(com2) == 6:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("6",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits2) % int(com2) == 7:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("7",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits2) % int(com2) == 8:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("8",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
elif int(bits2) % int(com2) == 9:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("9",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
else:
num4.clear()
g3 = num4.write("0",False,"center",("alarm clock",100,"normal"))
com2 += 10
return com2
def meridiem(bit5,g4):
if int(bit5) == 0:
text.clear()
g4 = text.write("AM",False,"center",("alarm clock",25,"normal"))
else:
text.clear()
g4 = text.write("AM",False,"center",("alarm clock",25,"normal"))
f = open("ikeokereke.txt","r")
for line in f:
binlist.append(line.rstrip('\n'))
for e in binlist:
bit1 = e[0:1]
bit2 = e[1:2]
bit3 = e[2:3]
bit4 = e[3:4]
bit5 = e[4:5]
time.sleep(.5)
hour1(bit1,g)
hour2(bit2,g1,bits,com)
min1(bit3,g2,bits1,com1)
min2(bit4,g3,bits2,com2)
meridiem(bit5,g4)
print(bits)
print(bits1)
print(bits2)
print(com)
print(com1)
print(com2)
预期结果：正常运行的数字闹钟 实际结果：十个位置的时针显示为0，一个十个位置的分针显示为0，而其他两个数字甚至都没有显示。
ikeokereke.txt
答案 0 :(得分：0)
即使这小段代码也有很多问题：
def hour2(bit2,g1,bits,com):
if int(bit2) == 0:
num2.clear()
g1
else:
bits +=1
return bits
if int(bits) % int(com) == 1:
...
特别是：
g1从未在任何地方定义，因此呼叫hour2(bit2,g1,bits,com)无法正常工作。
g1是否有任何可能的值，可以将g1本身作为代码的一部分放在一行上？
递增bits并返回它是没有意义的，因为没有任何东西看待hour2()调用的返回值，并且如果bits被用作全局变量，则此无法使用，因为该函数中没有global语句。
return bits语句之后的三十行代码将永远不会执行，因为您离开了函数。
bits和com都已经是整数，因此一遍又一遍地调用int()似乎表明您对自己的设计缺乏了解。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我能够通过在for循环中而不是函数本身中增加变量来解决此问题。代码中的更改如下：
# filter Admsn_ctr_crs_cd to only show 300XXXX for UG or PG 860XXXX
selector = abc['column_title_A'].str.startswith("300") | abc['column_title_A'].str.startswith("860")
# change value based on another value in another
abc.loc[(abc['column_title_B'] == '29JUL2019') & selector, 'column_title_C'] = '15/02/2019'
abc.loc[(abc['column_title_B'] == '25FEB2019') & selector, 'column_title_C'] = '19/05/2019'
# from here on, how do I unfilter the above to apply another filter below?
selector = abc['column_title_B'].str.startswith("300") | abc['column_title_B'].str.startswith("860")
abc.loc[otherselector & selector, "column_title_D"] = "foo"