我正在尝试通过遵循此tutorial来创建自定义用户。开始新项目后，我添加以下代码并运行python manage.py makemigrations并收到以下错误：
File "/Users/me/Desktop/cbv_users/accounts/admin.py", line 8, in <module>
from .forms import UserAdminCreationForm, UserAdminChangeForm
File "/Users/me/Desktop/cbv_users/accounts/forms.py", line 32, in <module>
class UserAdminCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
File "/miniconda3/envs/server/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/forms/models.py", line 262, in __new__
raise FieldError(message)
django.core.exceptions.FieldError: Unknown field(s) (email) specified for User
我很困惑这个错误的出处以及我在做什么错。任何帮助是极大的赞赏。 （注意：我已经在settings.py中设置了AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'accounts.User'），而且我正在使用Django 1.11。
models.py
# accounts.models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
class User(AbstractBaseUser):
email = models.EmailField(
verbose_name='email address',
max_length=255,
unique=True,
)
active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a admin user; non super-user
admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a superuser
# notice the absence of a "Password field", that's built in.
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = [] # Email & Password are required by default.
def get_full_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.email
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"Does the user have a specific permission?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
"Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
@property
def is_staff(self):
"Is the user a member of staff?"
return self.staff
@property
def is_admin(self):
"Is the user a admin member?"
return self.admin
@property
def is_active(self):
"Is the user active?"
return self.active
# accounts.models.py
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, password=None):
"""
Creates and saves a User with the given email and password.
"""
if not email:
raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
user = self.model(
email=self.normalize_email(email),
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_staffuser(self, email, password):
"""
Creates and saves a staff user with the given email and password.
"""
user = self.create_user(
email,
password=password,
)
user.staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email, password):
"""
Creates and saves a superuser with the given email and password.
"""
user = self.create_user(
email,
password=password,
)
user.staff = True
user.admin = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
# hook in the New Manager to our Model
class User(AbstractBaseUser): # from step 2
objects = UserManager()
forms.py
# accounts.forms.py
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField
from .models import User
class RegisterForm(forms.ModelForm):
password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)
password2 = forms.CharField(label='Confirm password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('email',)
def clean_email(self):
email = self.cleaned_data.get('email')
qs = User.objects.filter(email=email)
if qs.exists():
raise forms.ValidationError("email is taken")
return email
def clean_password2(self):
# Check that the two password entries match
password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
return password2
class UserAdminCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
fields, plus a repeated password."""
password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('email',)
def clean_password2(self):
# Check that the two password entries match
password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
return password2
def save(self, commit=True):
# Save the provided password in hashed format
user = super(UserAdminCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
if commit:
user.save()
return user
class UserAdminChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
password hash display field.
"""
password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('email', 'password', 'active', 'admin')
def clean_password(self):
# Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
# This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
# field does not have access to the initial value
return self.initial["password"]
admin.py
# accounts.admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
from .forms import UserAdminCreationForm, UserAdminChangeForm
from .models import User
class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
# The forms to add and change user instances
form = UserAdminChangeForm
add_form = UserAdminCreationForm
# The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
# These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
# that reference specific fields on auth.User.
list_display = ('email', 'admin')
list_filter = ('admin',)
fieldsets = (
(None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
('Personal info', {'fields': ()}),
('Permissions', {'fields': ('admin',)}),
)
# add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
# overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
add_fieldsets = (
(None, {
'classes': ('wide',),
'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2')}
),
)
search_fields = ('email',)
ordering = ('email',)
filter_horizontal = ()
admin.site.register(User, UserAdmin)
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我认为问题在于您在User内两次定义了一个models.py类，而第二个定义（不包含email字段）将覆盖第一个。 / p>
尝试删除第二个类，然后将自定义UserManager添加到第一类。
class User(AbstractBaseUser):
objects = UserManager() # Add UserManager to first User class
email = models.EmailField(
verbose_name='email address',
max_length=255,
unique=True,
)
active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a admin user; non super-user
admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a superuser
...
# hook in the New Manager to our Model
class User(AbstractBaseUser): # from step 2 <---- Delete this
objects = UserManager()
您需要将UserManager类移至User中的models.py类上方。