在另一个文件中定义时无法声明或使用变量

时间:2019-02-12 08:32:27

标签: typescript

我在一个文件夹中有两个文件。

# ls
a.ts  
b.ts
tsconfig.json

# tsc --version 
Version 3.0.1

tsconfig.jsontsc -init创建,没有任何更改。

a.ts中,我定义了一个变量。

let a = {
  name: 'hello'
}

b.ts中:

let a = {}

然后我尝试编译:

# tsc
a.ts:1:5 - error TS2451: Cannot redeclare block-scoped variable 'a'.
// ... and some detail

所以编译器会抛出此错误,但是它也给了我两个编译文件。

# ls
a.js         
b.ts
a.ts         
tsconfig.json
b.js

这在b.js中有详细说明:

"use strict";
var a = {};

实际上,编译成功,但是仍然会引发错误。

enter image description here

其他测试

但是,如果我尝试在a中使用b.ts

console.log(a.name)

编译器很好,但是当我尝试执行代码时失败。

所以,我很困惑。在其他文件中定义时,我不能在a中将b.ts声明为变量名或将其用作变量?

这是默认的tsconf.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    /* Basic Options */
    "target": "es5",                          /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017','ES2018' or 'ESNEXT'. */
    "module": "commonjs",                     /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', or 'ESNext'. */
    // "lib": [],                             /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */
    // "allowJs": true,                       /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
    // "checkJs": true,                       /* Report errors in .js files. */
    // "jsx": "preserve",                     /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */
    // "declaration": true,                   /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
    // "declarationMap": true,                /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
    // "sourceMap": true,                     /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
    // "outFile": "./",                       /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
    // "outDir": "./",                        /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
    // "rootDir": "./",                       /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
    // "composite": true,                     /* Enable project compilation */
    // "removeComments": true,                /* Do not emit comments to output. */
    // "noEmit": true,                        /* Do not emit outputs. */
    // "importHelpers": true,                 /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
    // "downlevelIteration": true,            /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
    // "isolatedModules": true,               /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */

    /* Strict Type-Checking Options */
    "strict": true,                           /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
    // "noImplicitAny": true,                 /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "strictNullChecks": true,              /* Enable strict null checks. */
    // "strictFunctionTypes": true,           /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
    // "strictPropertyInitialization": true,  /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
    // "noImplicitThis": true,                /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "alwaysStrict": true,                  /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */

    /* Additional Checks */
    // "noUnusedLocals": true,                /* Report errors on unused locals. */
    // "noUnusedParameters": true,            /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
    // "noImplicitReturns": true,             /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
    // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,    /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */

    /* Module Resolution Options */
    // "moduleResolution": "node",            /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
    // "baseUrl": "./",                       /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
    // "paths": {},                           /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
    // "rootDirs": [],                        /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
    // "typeRoots": [],                       /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
    // "types": [],                           /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
    // "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,  /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
    "esModuleInterop": true                   /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */
    // "preserveSymlinks": true,              /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */

    /* Source Map Options */
    // "sourceRoot": "",                      /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
    // "mapRoot": "",                         /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
    // "inlineSourceMap": true,               /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
    // "inlineSources": true,                 /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */

    /* Experimental Options */
    // "experimentalDecorators": true,        /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
    // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,         /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */
  }
}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

如果文件不包含导出,则将其视为脚本文件,并且其中声明的所有符号都在全局范围内。这可能是您收到错误的原因,您在多个文件中定义相同的变量,打字稿会考虑脚本文件。

您可以使用namespaces(不推荐),也可以添加模块系统并在文件中至少使用一次export

如果您已经在使用模块系统,而只是忘记添加export,则可以添加isolatedModules以确保所有文件都必须至少导出一次

答案 1 :(得分:0)

  

...但是在我尝试执行代码时失败。

这表明在同一环境中运行a.js之前您没有运行b.js。您不能只是单独运行b.js,必须先运行a.js才能声明和初始化a

如果这样做,console.log(a.name)中的b.js可以正常工作。

在您的tsconfig.jsona.ts中使用TypeScript v3,将其编译为以下JavaScript:

"use strict";
var a = {
    name: 'hello'
};

b.ts(带有console.log的版本)已编译为此JavaScript:

"use strict";
console.log(a.name);

在同一环境中运行a.js,然后运行b.js,会成功输出名称。 Live example

您无法在a中重新声明b.ts的原因是a.tsb.ts都在全局范围内求值,而您不能拥有{{1 }}在全局范围内有两个地方,因为用let a重新声明变量是错误的。