我对JavaScript还是比较陌生，所以我不确定我是否在这里按常规方式做事，不确定是否有更好的方法来做我想做的事。
我有一个JavaScript函数，该函数从JSON文档中提取大约3600个句子并将其自动插入到我的HTML代码中。在HTML中，每个ID都会生成一次唯一的ID。
我想为每个句子创建一个onclick事件，以便在单击该句子时在该句子的下方显示更多信息。这意味着我必须声明数千个变量，每个句子一个，与该句子关联的每个信息div一个：
var sent1 = document.getElementById('s1');
var sent1info = document.getElementById('s1info');
var sent2 = document.getElementById('s2');
var sent2info = document.getElementById('s2info');
var sent3 = document.getElementById('s3');
var sent3info = document.getElementById('s3info');
...
这是太多手动操作。有没有一种方法可以自动声明这些变量，或者有更好的方法来完成我正在做的事情？
对于上下文，我对每个变量的意图是将其馈入此函数：
sent1.onclick = function(){
if(sent1info.className == 'open'){
sent1info.className = 'close';
} else{
sent1info.className = 'close';
}
};
当className为'close'时，CSS将从此处将信息框降低为0，而当className为'open'时将其展开。但是，再次，这将要求我将此功能编写数千次。
有没有办法自动执行此操作？还是我要解决所有这些错误？
编辑以显示HTML：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>...</head>
<body>
<div id="everything">
<header id="theheader" class="clearfix">...</header>
<div id="thebody" class="box clearfix">
<aside id="page" class="side">...</aside>
<div class="items">
<article id="content" class="article">
<img id="sentpic" src="sentpic.jpg">
<h1>Sentences</h1>
<div id="sentences">
*** This is where the JS inserts sentences and information ***
<ul id='sent1' class='sentcontent'><li class='number'>1.</li><li class='thesent'>...</li></ul>
<div id='sent1info' class='infobox'>
<ul class='sentinfo'><li class='information'>Info:</li><li class='infotext'><em>...</em></li></ul>
<ul class='sentinfo'><li class='information'>Line:</li><li class='line'>...</li></ul>
</div>
<ul id='sent2' class='sentcontent'><li class='number'>2.</li><li class='thesent'>...</li></ul>"
<div id='sent2info' class='infobox'>
<ul class='sentinfo'><li class='information'>Info:</li><li class='infotext'><em>...</em></li></ul>
<ul class='sentinfo'><li class='information'>Line:</li><li class='line'>...</li></ul>
</div>
*** it goes on like this for each sent inserted ***
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
<div class="associates clearfix">...</div>
<footer class="foot">...</footer>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
答案 0 :(得分：2)
<details>元素：
const json = [
{thesent:"Lol", info:"This is some info 1", line:"Whatever 1..."},
{thesent:"Lorem", info:"Some info 2", line:"Something here 2..."},
];
const template_sentence = (ob, i) => `
<details class="sentence">
<summary>${i+1} ${ob.thesent}</summary>
<h3>${ob.info}</h3>
<div>${ob.line}</div>
</details>`;
document.querySelector("#sentences").innerHTML = json.map(template_sentence).join('');<div id="sentences"></div>
否则，通过使用当前的非语义标记：
不需要按ID定位（在您的具体情况下）。还有其他方法，例如CSS中的+ Next Adjacent兄弟姐妹选择器。
这是一个JS示例-应该不言自明，但是可以随便问。
.active）切换到可点击的UL元素+来创建 info DIV display: block
/* Just a sample... you'll know how to modify this with the right properties I hope */
const json = [
{thesent:"Lol", info:"This is some info 1", line:"Whatever 1..."},
{thesent:"Lorem", info:"Some info 2", line:"Something here 2..."},
];
// The toggle function:
const toggleInfobox = ev => ev.currentTarget.classList.toggle("active");
// A single sentcontent template
const template_sentence = (ob, i) =>
`<ul class='sentcontent'>
<li class='number'>${i+1}</li>
<li class='thesent'>${ob.thesent}</li>
</ul>
<div class='infobox'>
<ul class='sentinfo'>
<li class='information'>Info:</li>
<li class='infotext'><em>${ob.info}</em></li>
</ul>
<ul class='sentinfo'>
<li class='information'>Line:</li>
<li class='line'>${ob.line}</li>
</ul>
</div>`;
// Get target element
const el_sentences = document.querySelector("#sentences");
// Loop JSON data and create HTML
el_sentences.innerHTML = json.map(template_sentence).join('');
// Assign listeners
const el_sentcontent = el_sentences.querySelectorAll(".sentcontent");
el_sentcontent.forEach(el => el.addEventListener('click', toggleInfobox));/* BTW, why do you use <ul> ? That's not a semantic list! */
.sentcontent { padding: 0; cursor: pointer;}
.sentcontent li { display: inline-block; }
/* Arrows are cool, right? */
.sentcontent:before { content: "\25BC"; }
.sentcontent.active:before { content: "\25B2"; }
/* Hide adjacent .infobox initially,
/* and show adjacent .infobox on JS click */
.sentcontent + .infobox { display: none; }
.sentcontent.active + .infobox { display: block; }<div id="sentences"></div>
在此Stack overflow answer中，您可以找到有关在某些按钮单击上切换元素的更多信息。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
这个问题更多的是架构问题，而不是创建动态变量的需要。考虑以下示例：
id被删除（使用现有的类名）n个句子实例handleClick中，我们在clicked元素上切换open类，这使我们可以通过CSS利用相邻的兄弟选择器close类，因为缺少open类表示关闭状态。
let outerUL = document.querySelectorAll('.sentcontent')
function handleClick() {
this.classList.toggle('open');
}
outerUL.forEach(ul => {
ul.addEventListener('click', handleClick);
}).sentcontent {
cursor: pointer;
}
.sentcontent.open + .infobox {
display: block;
}
.infobox {
background-color: #eee;
display: none;
padding: .25em .5em;
}<ul class='sentcontent'>
<li class='number'>1.</li>
<li class='thesent'>Sent</li>
</ul>
<div class='infobox'>
<ul class='sentinfo'>
<li class='information'>Info</li>
<li class='infotext'><em>Info text</em></li>
</ul>
<ul class='sentinfo'>
<li class='information'>Line info</li>
<li class='line'>Line</li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul class='sentcontent'>
<li class='number'>2.</li>
<li class='thesent'>Sent</li>
</ul>
<div class='infobox'>
<ul class='sentinfo'>
<li class='information'>Info</li>
<li class='infotext'><em>Info text</em></li>
</ul>
<ul class='sentinfo'>
<li class='information'>Line info</li>
<li class='line'>Line</li>
</ul>
</div>
答案 2 :(得分：1)
当您有非常大的json数据时，要牢记不要立刻渲染整个数据，这将影响Web浏览器的性能。而是在需要时渲染。这就是用户单击以获取更多信息的时候。
我在下面做了一些例子，请确保也阅读评论
const json = [
{thesent:"Lol", info:"This is some info 1", line:"Whatever 1..."},
{thesent:"Lorem", info:"Some info 2", line:"Something here 2..."},
];
const container = document.querySelector(".container");
json.forEach((item)=> {
let x= item;
let el = document.createElement("li");
el.innerHTML = x.thesent;
container.appendChild(el);
el.addEventListener("click",()=> {
var infoContainer= el.querySelector(".info");
// dont create all html element at once, instead create them
//when the user click on it. this is better when you have a very large data.
if (!infoContainer){ // not created, then create
infoContainer = document.createElement("div");
infoContainer.className="info";
var info = document.createElement("div");
var line = document.createElement("div");
info.innerHTML = x.info;
line.innerHTML = x.line;
infoContainer.appendChild(info);
infoContainer.appendChild(line);
el.appendChild(infoContainer);
} else if (infoContainer.style.display == "none") // created and hidden, then display it
infoContainer.style.display = "block";
else infoContainer.style.display= "none"; // already displayed then hide it
});
}).container li >div.info >div:first-child{
font-size: 12px;
}
.container li >div.info >div:last-child{
font-size: 10px;
}<ul class="container">
</ul>