覆盖从Maven导入继承的maven-surefire-plugin的版本

Question

我的项目由Maven驱动，使用的不是我自己制作的POM（from Vaadin）。显然，我在项目中看到的POM文件依赖于其他POM文件的某种继承。虽然我在自己的POM中没有发现对maven-surefire-plugin的依赖，但是可以在我的项目中找到该工件，如您在IntelliJ 2019的此屏幕快照的右侧所见。

我不是Maven专家，所以我不知道确切的细节，但是在摸索中我发现了一些import行，因此我猜想Maven POM可以动态地继承其他POM。

问题是我项目中存在的maven-surefire-plugin版本很旧，版本为2.12.4。我正在尝试运行JUnit 5或更高版本的requires 2.22.0。 current version是3.0.0-M3。

查看该粉红色箭头的左端，您可以看到我在POM中添加了一个dependency元素。

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0-M3</version>
    </dependency>

在该左箭头上，我要求提供3.0.0-M3，以替代在右箭头上看到的神秘导入/继承的指定版本2.12.4。但是我的尝试失败了，因为执行Maven clean，install之后，旧版本仍然存在。我什至尝试重新启动IntelliJ。但是，我的JUnit 5测试在运行Maven test时仍然被忽略。

➥有什么方法可以替代显然是从某些神秘来源继承来的依赖版本？

这是我的POM，然后尝试添加<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>依赖项的失败尝试。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.basilbourque.acmeapp</groupId>
    <artifactId>acmeapp</artifactId>
    <name>AcmeApp</name>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>

        <!--<vaadin.version>11.0.1</vaadin.version>-->
        <!--<vaadin.version>12.0.0.beta1</vaadin.version>-->
        <vaadin.version>13.0.0.alpha3</vaadin.version>
    </properties>

    <repositories>
        <!-- Repository used by many Vaadin add-ons -->
        <repository>
            <id>Vaadin Directory</id>
            <url>http://maven.vaadin.com/vaadin-addons</url>
        </repository>

        <repository>
            <id>vaadin-prereleases</id>
            <url>https://maven.vaadin.com/vaadin-prereleases</url>
        </repository>

    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <!-- Repository needed for prerelease versions of Vaadin -->
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>vaadin-prereleases</id>
            <url>https://maven.vaadin.com/vaadin-prereleases</url>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                <artifactId>vaadin-bom</artifactId>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
                <version>${vaadin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
            <artifactId>vaadin-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Added to provide logging output as Flow uses -->
        <!-- the unbound SLF4J no-operation (NOP) logger implementation -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <!--<version>3.1.0</version>-->
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--JUnit 5-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.0-RC1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Jetty plugin for easy testing without a server -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>9.4.14.v20181114</version>
                <configuration>
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>1</scanIntervalSeconds>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <!-- Production mode can be activated with either property or profile -->
            <id>production-mode</id>
            <activation>
                <property>
                    <name>vaadin.productionMode</name>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <vaadin.productionMode>true</vaadin.productionMode>
            </properties>

            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                    <artifactId>flow-server-production-mode</artifactId>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>

            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                        <artifactId>vaadin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>${vaadin.version}</version>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>copy-production-files</goal>
                                    <goal>package-for-production</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

Answer 1

指定<plugin>，而不是<dependency>

虽然我不是Maven专家，但解决方案似乎是在<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>元素而不是plugin元素中指定dependency。

删除添加的<dependency>。

查找POM的<plugins>（复数）部分，其中包含一个<plugin元素用于Jetty。添加第二个plugin元素：

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0-M3</version>
            </plugin>

然后执行Maven clean和install。您应该看到新版本出现在IntelliJ的 Maven 面板中。

您现在可以执行Maven test来查看已执行的JUnit 5测试。

如果需要，可以通过覆盖导入的POM来更新屏幕快照右侧列出的所有那些插件。

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-clean-plugin -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-compiler-plugin -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-deploy-plugin -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0-M1</version>
        </plugin>

        <!--https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-install-plugin-->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0-M1</version>
        </plugin>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-resources-plugin -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>

        <!--https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-war-plugin-->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-site-plugin -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.7.1</version>
        </plugin>

        <!--https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-surefire-plugin-->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0-M3</version>
        </plugin>