Question

我想编写一个程序，以获取我的docx文件，对其进行迭代，然后根据标题将每个文件分成多个单独的文件。每个docx内都有几篇文章，每篇文章下方都有一个“标题1”和文字。

因此，如果我的原始file1.docx有4篇文章，我希望将其分成4个单独的文件，每个文件的标题和文本。

我到达了在其中保存.docx文件的路径中迭代所有文件的部分，并且可以分别阅读标题和文本，但似乎无法找出一种方法合并所有内容并将其拆分为单独的文件，每个文件都包含标题和文本。我正在使用python-docx库。

import glob
from docx import Document

headings = []
texts = []

def iter_headings(paragraphs):
    for paragraph in paragraphs:
        if paragraph.style.name.startswith('Heading'):
            yield paragraph

def iter_text(paragraphs):
    for paragraph in paragraphs:
        if paragraph.style.name.startswith('Normal'):
            yield paragraph

for name in glob.glob('/*.docx'):
    document = Document(name)
    for heading in iter_headings(document.paragraphs):
        headings.append(heading.text)
        for paragraph in iter_text(document.paragraphs):
            texts.append(paragraph.text)
    print(texts)

如何提取每篇文章的文字和标题？

这是python-docx给我的XML阅读。红色大括号标记了我要从每个文件中提取的内容。

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/17858776/51575980-4dcd0200-1eac-11e9-95a8-f643f87b1f40.png

我愿意接受任何其他建议，这些建议涉及如何使用不同的方法来实现我想要的功能，或者是否有更简便的方法来处理PDF文件。

Answer 1

我认为使用迭代器的方法是一种合理的方法，但是我倾向于将它们打包。在最高级别上，您可以：

for paragraphs in iterate_document_sections(document.paragraphs):
    create_document_from_paragraphs(paragraphs)

然后iterate_document_sections()类似于：

def iterate_document_sections(document):
    """Generate a sequence of paragraphs for each headed section in document.

    Each generated sequence has a heading paragraph in its first position, 
    followed by one or more body paragraphs.
    """
    paragraphs = [document.paragraphs[0]]
    for paragraph in document.paragraphs[1:]:
        if is_heading(paragraph):
             yield paragraphs
             paragraphs = [paragraph]
             continue
        paragraphs.append(paragraph)
    yield paragraphs

像这样的东西与其他代码的某些部分结合在一起，应该可以为您提供一些可行的开始。您将需要实现is_heading()和create_document_from_paragraphs()。

请注意，此处的“节”一词与通常的发布用语一样，用于指代（节）标题及其从属段落，而不是指Word文档的节对象（如document.sections）。

Answer 2

事实上，仅当文档除了段落（例如表格）没有任何其他元素时，提供的解决方案才有效。

另一种可能的解决方案是不仅遍历段落，而且遍历所有文档正文的子 xml 元素。一旦找到“子文档”的开始和结束元素（示例中带有标题的段落），您应该删除与此部分无关的其他 xml 元素（一种切断所有其他文档内容的方法）。通过这种方式，您可以保留所有样式、文本、表格和其他文档元素和格式。这不是一个优雅的解决方案，意味着您必须在内存中保留一份完整源文档的临时副本。

这是我的代码：

import tempfile
from typing import Generator, Tuple, Union

from docx import Document
from docx.document import Document as DocType
from docx.oxml.table import CT_Tbl
from docx.oxml.text.paragraph import CT_P
from docx.oxml.xmlchemy import BaseOxmlElement
from docx.text.paragraph import Paragraph


def iterparts(doc_path:str, skip_first=True, bias:int=0) -> Generator[Tuple[int,DocType],None,None]:
    """Iterate over sub-documents by splitting source document into parts
    Split into parts by copying source document and cutting off unrelevant
    data.

    Args:
        doc_path (str):                 path to source *docx* file
        skip_first (bool, optional):    skip first split point and wait for 
                                        second occurrence. Defaults to True.
        bias (int, optional):           split point bias. Defaults to 0.

    Yields:
        Generator[Tuple[int,DocType],None,None]:    first element of each tuple 
                                                    indicates the number of a 
                                                    sub-document, if number is 0 
                                                    then there are no sub-documents
    """
    doc = Document(doc_path)
    counter = 0
    while doc:
        split_elem_idx = -1
        doc_body = doc.element.body
        cutted = [doc, None]
        for idx, elem in enumerate(doc_body.iterchildren()):
            if is_split_point(elem):
                if split_elem_idx == -1 and skip_first:
                    split_elem_idx = idx
                else:
                    cutted = split(doc, idx+bias) # idx-1 to keep previous paragraph
                    counter += 1
                    break
        yield (counter, cutted[0])
        doc = cutted[1]

def is_split_point(element:BaseOxmlElement) -> bool:
    """Split criteria

    Args:
        element (BaseOxmlElement): oxml element

    Returns:
        bool: whether the *element* is the beginning of a new sub-document
    """
    if isinstance(element, CT_P):
        p = Paragraph(element, element.getparent())
        return p.text.startswith("Some text")
    return False

def split(doc:DocType, cut_idx:int) -> Tuple[DocType,DocType]:
    """Splitting into parts by copying source document and cutting of
    unrelevant data.

    Args:
        doc (DocType): [description]
        cut_idx (int): [description]

    Returns:
        Tuple[DocType,DocType]: [description]
    """
    tmpdocfile = write_tmp_doc(doc)
    second_part = doc
    second_elems = list(second_part.element.body.iterchildren())
    for i in range(0, cut_idx):
        remove_element(second_elems[i])
    first_part = Document(tmpdocfile)
    first_elems = list(first_part.element.body.iterchildren())
    for i in range(cut_idx, len(first_elems)):
        remove_element(first_elems[i])
    tmpdocfile.close()
    return (first_part, second_part)

def remove_element(elem: Union[CT_P,CT_Tbl]):
    elem.getparent().remove(elem)

def write_tmp_doc(doc:DocType):
    tmp = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
    doc.save(tmp)
    return tmp

请注意，您应该根据您的拆分条件定义 is_split_point 方法

通过标题将docx拆分为Python中的单独文件

2 个答案: