我需要逐字符解析UTF-8输入流字符(UTF-8代码点,而不是Java的char)。最好的方法是什么?
更新问题以使其更清楚(感谢@skomisa): 因此,以下非流式传输:
private static String replaceNonBPMWithUnknownCharacter(final String input) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(input.length());
input.codePoints().forEach((codePoint) -> {
if (isBmpCodePoint(codePoint)) {
result.append('\ufffd');
} else {
result.append(isBmpCodePoint(codePoint) ? toChars(codePoint) : REPLACEMENT_CHAR);
}
});
return result.toString();
}
String result = replaceNonBPMWithUnknownCharacter("\uD83D\uDE0E? X")
我想要一个流媒体版本,例如:
InputStream stream = replaceNonBPMWithUnknownCharacter(new ByteArrayInputStream("\uD83D\uDE0E? Y".getBytes(UTF_8)))
使用尽可能少的cpu和内存。以下问题是相似的,但不是流式的:Read next character (full unicode code point) from Java input stream。
最重要:如何从流中读取代码点? (因此,如何将我知道它们已被UTF-8编码的字节流转换为代码点流)。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
首先请注意:
所以总体方法是:
String
,然后调用String.codePointAt()
以获取其代码点。List<Integer>
。List<Integer>
作为代码点流。下面是代码,使用一些可变字节长度的随机Unicode字符存储数据:
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String text = "¢\uD841\uDF31\u30918औWあش";
Stream<Integer> codePoints = Main.processByteStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(text.getBytes(UTF_8)));
codePoints.forEach(System.out::println);
}
/**
* Processes a stream of bytes, and returns a Stream of Unicode codepoints
* associated with the characters derived from that byte stream.
*
* @param bais ByteArrayInputStream to be processed.
* @return A stream of Unicode codepoints derived from UTF-8 characters in the supplied stream.
*/
private static Stream<Integer> processByteStream(ByteArrayInputStream bais) {
int nextByte = 0;
byte b = 0;
byte[] utf8Bytes = null;
int byteCount = 0;
List<Integer> codePoints = new ArrayList<>();
while ((nextByte = bais.read()) != -1) {
b = (byte) nextByte;
byteCount = Main.getByteCount(b);
utf8Bytes = new byte[byteCount];
utf8Bytes[0] = (byte) nextByte;
for (int i = 1; i < byteCount; i++) { // Get any subsequent bytes for this UTF-8 character.
nextByte = bais.read();
utf8Bytes[i] = (byte) nextByte;
}
int codePoint = new String(utf8Bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).codePointAt(0);
codePoints.add(codePoint);
}
return codePoints.stream();
}
/**
* Returns the number of bytes in a UTF-8 character based on the bit pattern
* of the supplied byte. The only valid values are 1, 2 3 or 4. If the
* byte has an invalid bit pattern an IllegalArgumentException is thrown.
*
* @param b The first byte of a UTF-8 character.
* @return The number of bytes for this UTF-* character.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the bit pattern is invalid.
*/
private static int getByteCount(byte b) throws IllegalArgumentException {
if ((b >= 0)) return 1; // Pattern is 0xxxxxxx.
if ((b >= (byte) 0b11000000) && (b <= (byte) 0b11011111)) return 2; // Pattern is 110xxxxx.
if ((b >= (byte) 0b11100000) && (b <= (byte) 0b11101111)) return 3; // Pattern is 1110xxxx.
if ((b >= (byte) 0b11110000) && (b <= (byte) 0b11110111)) return 4; // Pattern is 11110xxx.
throw new IllegalArgumentException(); // Invalid first byte for UTF-8 character.
}
}
这是运行它的输出。它只是列出返回的Stream<Integer>
中的代码点:
C:\Java\openJDK\jdk-11.0.2\bin\java.exe -javaagent:C:\Users\johndoe\AppData\Local\JetBrains\Toolbox\apps\IDEA-U\ch-0\191.4738.6\lib\idea_rt.jar=60544:C:\Users\johndoe\AppData\Local\JetBrains\Toolbox\apps\IDEA-U\ch-0\191.4738.6\bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath C:\Users\johndoe\IdeaProjects\Codepoint\out\production\Codepoint Main
162
132913
12433
56
2324
87
12354
1588
Process finished with exit code 0
注意:
String.codePointAt()
是一种效率较低但更简洁的替代方法。IllegalArgumentException
。