Question

我尝试在html文件中查找和替换术语（带有链接），但是我喜欢维护其他html结构。首先，我尝试使用string查找标签，但是由于子标签，该字符串未包含所有文本，因此替换了修改后的字符串会删除所有子标记。然后，我尝试使用get_text()方法，但是为了替换，它具有同样的问题。最后，我使用__str__()方法获取了每个段落的内容，以获取所有html内容，并且将其替换为新的BeautifulSoup对象（以在其中包含所有标签）：

import os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re

def Exclude_paragraph(cls_name):
    return cls_name is None or cls_name not in ("excluded1", "excluded2")

def Replace_by_ref(m, term):
    return "<a href='#" + term["anchor"] + "'>" + m.group(0) + "</a>"

terms = [{"line": "special configurable device", "anchor": "#term_1"},
         {"line": "analytical performance", "anchor": "term_2"},
         {"line": "instructions for use", "anchor": "term_4"},
         {"line": "calibrator", "anchor": "term_3"},
         {"line": "label", "anchor": "term_6"},
         {"line": "kit", "anchor": "term_5"}]
# There are almost 100 terms searched in thousands of lines
with open(os.path.join("HTML", "test2.html"), "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
    html = file.read()
html_bs = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
for term in terms:
    regex = r"\b" + term["line"] + r"s?\b"
    regex = re.compile(regex, re.IGNORECASE)
    body_txts = html_bs.body.find_all("p", class_=Exclude_paragraph)
    for paragraph in body_txts:
        body_tag_html = paragraph.__str__()
        new_tag = regex.sub(lambda m: Replace_by_ref(m, term), body_tag_html)
        if new_tag != body_tag_html:
            print("\nFound:", term["line"])
            print("String:", paragraph.string)
            print("Get_text():", paragraph.get_text())
            print("Replacement:", new_tag)
            paragraph.replace_with(BeautifulSoup(new_tag, "html.parser"))

最后，将保存修改后的html文件（此处不包括）。但是，当某些术语包含html标签（例如

<i>special</i> configurable device

（或其他）？首先，我的正则表达式根本找不到这个，更不用说如何替换它了。有什么想法吗？

编辑：添加了简短的示例HTML代码：

<html><head></head>
<body><h1>Test document</h1>
<p><i>special</i> configurable device, analytical performance, calibrator, instructions for use, kit, label.</p>
<p class='excluded1'>No terms here.</p>
<h2>Glossary</h2>
<dl>
<dt id="term_2">analytical performance</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_3">calibrator</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_4">instructions for use</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_5">kit</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_6">label</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_1">special configurable device</dt><dd>...</dd>
</dl>
</body>
</html>

原始的html代码更长，包括文本中的数千个术语。我已经为词汇表创建了ID，现在我尝试对其进行交叉引用。

Answer 1

这应该给您您所需要的。遍历您的terms列表，然后在HTML中寻找id=与terms["anchor"]匹配的标签。然后将其替换为所需的链接。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html = """
<html><head></head>
<body><h1>Test document</h1>
<p><i>special</i> configurable device, analytical performance, calibrator, instructions for use, kit, label.</p>
<p class='excluded1'>No terms here.</p>
<h2>Glossary</h2>
<dl>
<dt id="term_2">analytical performance</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_3">calibrator</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_4">instructions for use</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_5">kit</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_6">label</dt><dd>...</dd>
<dt id="term_1">special configurable device</dt><dd>...</dd>
</dl>
</body>
</html>
"""
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')

terms = [{"line": "special configurable device", "anchor": "term_1"},
         {"line": "analytical performance", "anchor": "term_2"},
         {"line": "instructions for use", "anchor": "term_4"},
         {"line": "calibrator", "anchor": "term_3"},
         {"line": "label", "anchor": "term_6"},
         {"line": "kit", "anchor": "term_5"}]

for t in terms:

    # Identify the <dt> tag you want to replace.
    anchor = t["anchor"]
    original_tag = soup.find("dt", id=anchor)

    # Get rid of the <dd> tag that follows it.
    original_tag.find_next("dd").decompose()

    # Generate the new tag as a BS object
    new_tag = soup.new_tag("a", href=anchor)
    new_tag.string = t["line"]

    # Do the replacement
    original_tag.replaceWith(new_tag)

print(soup)

输出为：

<html><head></head>
<body><h1>Test document</h1>
<p><i>special</i> configurable device, analytical performance, calibrator, instructions for use, kit, label.</p>
<p class="excluded1">No terms here.</p>
<h2>Glossary</h2>
<dl>
<a href="term_2">analytical performance</a>
<a href="term_3">calibrator</a>
<a href="term_4">instructions for use</a>
<a href="term_5">kit</a>
<a href="term_6">label</a>
<a href="term_1">special configurable device</a>
</dl>
</body>
</html>

如何在python中使用beautifulsoup替换包括html标签的多个单词（术语）？

1 个答案: