Question

输入文件的每一行中都有不同数量的字段。

有什么办法可以通过awk获得预期的输出？

awk -F',' '{print "echo "$1; for (i = 2; i <= NF; i++) print "command1 "$i " command2"}' test.txt

test.txt

"abc",4,21,22,25
"standard",1 
"test",4,5,10,11,12

输出：

echo "abc"
command1 4 command2
command1 21 command2
command1 22 command2
command1 25 command2
echo "standard"
command1 1 command2
echo "test"
command1 4 command2
command1 5 command2
command1 10 command2
command1 11 command2
command1 12 command2

预期输出：

echo "abc" command1 4 command2
echo "abc" command1 21 command2
echo "abc" command1 22 command2
echo "abc" command1 25 command2
echo "standard" command1 1 command2
echo "test" command1 4 command2
echo "test" command1 5 command2
echo "test" command1 10 command2
echo "test" command1 11 command2
echo "test" command1 12 command2

Answer 1

请尝试以下操作：

awk -F, '{for (i=2;i<=NF;i++) print "echo", $1, "command1", $i, "command2"}'

例如：

$ cat file
"abc",4,21,22,25
"standard",1
"test",4,5,10,11,12

$ awk -F, '{for (i=2;i<=NF;i++) print "echo", $1, "command1", $i, "command2"}' file
echo "abc" command1 4 command2
echo "abc" command1 21 command2
echo "abc" command1 22 command2
echo "abc" command1 25 command2
echo "standard" command1 1  command2
echo "test" command1 4 command2
echo "test" command1 5 command2
echo "test" command1 10 command2
echo "test" command1 11 command2
echo "test" command1 12 command2

默认OFS是空格，所以我只用逗号分隔需要打印的不同内容。

有趣的是，GNU sed解决方案：

sed -r '/,/!d;/,/{s/([^,]*),([^,]*)/"echo" \1 "command1" \2 "command2"\n\1/; P; D;}'

另一种类似于RavinderSingh13's answer的noloop awk方法，但简洁明了：

awk -F, '{gsub(/,/,"\necho " $1 " command1 ");sub(/[^\n]*\n/,"");gsub(/\n|$/," command2\n");printf $0}' file

Answer 2

这里没有使用循环的另一种方法。

awk -F, '
/^\"/ && prev{
  print prev
  prev=""
}
{
  gsub(/,/,"\necho "  $1  " command1 ")
}
{
  gsub(/$/," command2")
  prev=$0
  sub(/.*\"\n/,"",prev)
  gsub(/\n/," command2\n",prev)
}
END{
  if(prev){
    print prev
  }
}'   Input_file

输出如下。

echo "abc" command1 4 command2
echo "abc" command1 21 command2
echo "abc" command1 22 command2
echo "abc" command1 25 command2
echo "standard" command1 1  command2
echo "test" command1 4 command2
echo "test" command1 5 command2
echo "test" command1 10 command2
echo "test" command1 11 command2
echo "test" command1 12 command2

Answer 3

只需将echo语句放入for循环内

$ awk -F',' '{for (i = 2; i <= NF; i++) print "echo "$1  " command1 "$i " command2"}' test.txt
echo "abc" command1 4 command2
echo "abc" command1 21 command2
echo "abc" command1 22 command2
echo "abc" command1 25 command2
echo "standard" command1 1  command2
echo "test" command1 4 command2
echo "test" command1 5 command2
echo "test" command1 10 command2
echo "test" command1 11 command2
echo "test" command1 12 command2

$

awk脚本读取每行中具有不同数量字段的输入文件

3 个答案: