我有一个嵌套的字典(json),该字典是从非官方的Google字典API返回的。
看起来像这样:
{'word': 'slack',
'phonetic': '/slak/',
'meaning': {'adjective': [{'definition': 'Not taut or held tightly in position; loose.',
'example': 'a slack rope',
'synonyms': ['loose',
'limp',
'not taut',
'not tight',
'hanging',
'flapping']},
{'definition': '(of business) characterized by a lack of work or activity; quiet.',
'example': 'business was rather slack'},
{'definition': 'Having or showing laziness or negligence.',
'example': 'slack accounting procedures',
'synonyms': ['lax',
'negligent',
'neglectful',
'remiss',
'careless',
'slapdash',
'slipshod',
'lackadaisical',
'lazy',
'inefficient',
'incompetent',
'inattentive',
'offhand',
'casual',
'disorderly',
'disorganized']},
{'definition': '(of a tide) neither ebbing nor flowing.',
'example': 'soon the water will become slack, and the tide will turn'}],
'noun': [{'definition': 'The part of a rope or line which is not held taut; the loose or unused part.',
'example': 'I picked up the rod and wound in the slack',
'synonyms': ['looseness', 'play', 'give']},
{'definition': 'Casual trousers.'},
{'definition': 'A spell of inactivity or laziness.',
'example': 'he slept deeply, refreshed by a little slack in the daily routine',
'synonyms': ['lull',
'pause',
'respite',
'spell of inactivity',
'interval',
'break',
'hiatus',
'breathing space']}],
'verb': [{'definition': 'Loosen (something, especially a rope).'},
{'definition': 'Decrease or reduce in intensity, quantity, or speed.',
'example': 'the flow of blood slacked off',
'synonyms': ['reduce',
'lessen',
'slacken',
'slow',
'ease off',
'ease up']},
{'definition': 'Work slowly or lazily.',
'example': 'she reprimanded her girls if they were slacking',
'synonyms': ['idle',
'shirk',
'be inactive',
'be lazy',
'be indolent',
'sit back and do nothing',
'waste time',
'lounge about']},
{'definition': 'Slake (lime).'}],
'adverb': [{'definition': 'Loosely.',
'example': 'their heads were hanging slack in attitudes of despair'}]}}
这是松弛的意思。 要获得此含义,我们可以使用google或简单地使用以下代码:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import json
from pandas.io.json import json_normalize
from io import StringIO
import requests
word = 'slack'
url = 'https://googledictionaryapi.eu-gb.mybluemix.net/?define=' + word
response = requests.get(url)
content = response.content.decode('utf-8') # list of ugly strings
j = json.loads(content) # json list having nested dictionary
j = j[0]
j
现在,字典j具有三个键。
j.keys() # dict_keys(['word', 'phonetic', 'meaning'])
我主要对含义感兴趣:
j['meaning'].keys() # dict_keys(['adjective', 'noun', 'verb', 'adverb'])
要获取熊猫数据框,我使用了以下代码:
json_normalize(data=j['meaning'])
这将提供一个只有4列的数据框。
在这里,语音的每个部分(形容词,名词等)都必须具有“定义”键,并且“示例”和“同义词”是可选的。
j['meaning']['adjective'][0].keys() # dict_keys(['definition', 'example', 'synonyms'])
如何获取4 * 3 = 12列的数据框,其列名称为adjective_definition
,adjective_example
,....,verb_synonyms
?
我试图从以下链接中获得一些想法:
http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/version/0.17.0/generated/pandas.io.json.json_normalize.html
https://www.kaggle.com/jboysen/quick-tutorial-flatten-nested-json-in-pandas/notebook
pandas.io.json.json_normalize with very nested json
但是,无法解决问题。帮助将不胜感激。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
有种凌乱的解决方案,但我认为它可行。以j
作为示例字典:
res = pd.concat([json_normalize(v, meta=['definition', 'example', 'synonyms']).add_prefix(k + '_')
for k, v in j['meaning'].items()],
axis=1)
# The output is super wide and hard to read in console output,
# but hopefully this confirms the output is (close to) what you need
res
adjective_definition \
0 Not taut or held tightly in position; loose.
1 (of business) characterized by a lack of work or activity; quiet.
2 Having or showing laziness or negligence.
3 (of a tide) neither ebbing nor flowing.
adjective_example \
0 a slack rope
1 business was rather slack
2 slack accounting procedures
3 soon the water will become slack, and the tide will turn
adjective_synonyms \
0 [loose, limp, not taut, not tight, hanging, flapping]
1 NaN
2 [lax, negligent, neglectful, remiss, careless, slapdash, slipshod, lackadais...
3 NaN
noun_definition \
0 The part of a rope or line which is not held taut; the loose or unused part.
1 Casual trousers.
2 A spell of inactivity or laziness.
3 NaN
noun_example \
0 I picked up the rod and wound in the slack
1 NaN
2 he slept deeply, refreshed by a little slack in the daily routine
3 NaN
noun_synonyms \
0 [looseness, play, give]
1 NaN
2 [lull, pause, respite, spell of inactivity, interval, break, hiatus, breathi...
3 NaN
verb_definition \
0 Loosen (something, especially a rope).
1 Decrease or reduce in intensity, quantity, or speed.
2 Work slowly or lazily.
3 Slake (lime).
verb_example \
0 NaN
1 the flow of blood slacked off
2 she reprimanded her girls if they were slacking
3 NaN
verb_synonyms \
0 NaN
1 [reduce, lessen, slacken, slow, ease off, ease up]
2 [idle, shirk, be inactive, be lazy, be indolent, sit back and do nothing, wa...
3 NaN
adverb_definition adverb_example
0 Loosely. their heads were hanging slack in attitudes of despair
1 NaN NaN
2 NaN NaN
3 NaN NaN
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我认为使用json_normalize的 record_path 参数可以解决您的问题。由于record_path旨在成为json对象或记录列表的单个路径,因此我不得不多次调用json_normalize,然后将结果连接起来以获得具有所需数据的数据框。您还可以尝试使用 record_prefix 参数来设置列命名约定。希望这会有所帮助!
from pandas.io.json import json_normalize
from io import StringIO
import requests
word = 'slack'
url = 'https://googledictionaryapi.eu-gb.mybluemix.net/?define=' + word
response = requests.get(url)
content = response.content.decode('utf-8') # list of ugly strings
j = json.loads(content) # json list having nested dictionary
j = j[0]
df_adj = json_normalize(data=j['meaning'], record_path=["adjective"], record_prefix="adjective.")
df_verb = json_normalize(data=j['meaning'], record_path=["verb"], record_prefix="verb.")
df_adv = json_normalize(data=j['meaning'], record_path=["adverb"], record_prefix="adverb.")
df_noun = json_normalize(data=j['meaning'], record_path=["noun"], record_prefix="noun.")
df = pd.concat([df_adj, df_verb, df_adv, df_noun], axis=1)
print(df.head(3))
答案 2 :(得分:1)
实际上,认为12列不是最好的想法,然后在玩了一段时间之后我得出了更好看的结果。
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import json
from pandas.io.json import json_normalize
import requests
word = 'slack'
url = 'https://googledictionaryapi.eu-gb.mybluemix.net/?define=' + word
response = requests.get(url)
content = response.content.decode('utf-8') # list of ugly strings
data = json.loads(content) # json list having nested dictionary
data = data[0]
df = pd.DataFrame()
for i in data['meaning'].keys():
x = json_normalize(data=data['meaning'][i])
x['part_of_speech'] = i
df = df.append(x,sort=False)
df = df[['part_of_speech', 'definition', 'example', 'synonyms']]
df
给出结果:
part_of_speech definition example synonyms
0 adjective Not taut or held tightly in position; loose. a slack rope [loose, limp, not taut, not tight, hanging, fl...
1 adjective (of business) characterized by a lack of work ... business was rather slack NaN
2 adjective Having or showing laziness or negligence. slack accounting procedures [lax, negligent, neglectful, remiss, careless,...
3 adjective (of a tide) neither ebbing nor flowing. soon the water will become slack, and the tide... NaN
0 noun The part of a rope or line which is not held t... I picked up the rod and wound in the slack [looseness, play, give]
1 noun Casual trousers. NaN NaN
2 noun A spell of inactivity or laziness. he slept deeply, refreshed by a little slack i... [lull, pause, respite, spell of inactivity, in...
0 verb Loosen (something, especially a rope). NaN NaN
1 verb Decrease or reduce in intensity, quantity, or ... the flow of blood slacked off [reduce, lessen, slacken, slow, ease off, ease...
2 verb Work slowly or lazily. she reprimanded her girls if they were slacking [idle, shirk, be inactive, be lazy, be indolen...
3 verb Slake (lime). NaN NaN
0 adverb Loosely. their heads were hanging slack in attitudes of... NaN