匹配一个单词,然后按任意顺序匹配两个可选组

时间:2019-01-15 03:10:55

标签: python regex python-3.x

我正在为一个小图书馆编写一种解析器。

我的字符串采用以下格式:

text = "Louis,Edward,John|85.56!26,Billy,Don!18|78.0,Dean"

更清楚一点,这是人的名称名字的列表,以逗号分隔,然后是两个可选的分隔符( | ),第一个后面是 weight ,它是一个数字,带有0-2位小数,而在“!”之后有一个代表年龄的整数。分隔符和相关值可以按任何顺序出现,如 John Don 所见。

我需要使用Regex提取(我知道我可以通过许多其他方式来提取)所有长度在2到4之间的名称以及两个分隔符和以下值(如果存在)。

这是我的预期结果

[('John', '|85.56', '!26'), ('Don', '|78.00' ,'!18'), ('Dean', '', '')]

我正在尝试使用以下代码:

import re
text = "Louis,Edward,John|85.56!26,Billy,Don!18|78.0,Dean"
pattern = re.compile(r'(\b\w{2,4}\b)(\!\d+)?(\|\d+(?:\.\d{1,2})?)?')
search_result = pattern.findall(text)
print(search_result)

但这是实际结果:

[('John', '', '|85.56'), ('26', '', ''), ('Don', '!18', '|78.0'), ('Dean', '', '')]

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

以下正则表达式似乎正在提供您想要的东西:

re.findall(r'(\b[a-z]{2,4}\b)(?:(!\d+)|(\|\d+(?:\.\d{,2})?))*', text, re.I)
#[('John', '!26', '|85.56'), ('Don', '!18', '|78.0'), ('Dean', '', '')]

如果您不想使用这些名称,可以轻松将其过滤掉。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

Pyparsing擅长从较简单的表达式组成复杂的表达式,并且包含许多用于可选,无序和逗号分隔值的内置函数。请参见下面的代码中的注释:

import pyparsing as pp

real = pp.pyparsing_common.real
integer = pp.pyparsing_common.integer
name = pp.Word(pp.alphas, min=2, max=4)

# a valid person entry starts with a name followed by an optional !integer for age
# and an optional |real for weight; the '&' operator allows these to occur in either
# order, but at most only one of each will be allowed
expr = pp.Group(name("name") 
                + (pp.Optional(pp.Suppress('!') + integer("age"), default='')
                   & pp.Optional(pp.Suppress('|') + real("weight"), default='')))

# other entries that we don't care about
other = pp.Word(pp.alphas, min=5)

# an expression for the complete input line - delimitedList defaults to using
# commas as delimiters; and we don't really care about the other entries, just
# suppress them from the results; whitespace is also skipped implicitly, but that
# is not an issue in your given sample text
input_expr = pp.delimitedList(expr | pp.Suppress(other))

# try it against your test data
text = "Louis,Edward,John|85.56!26,Billy,Don!18|78.0,Dean"                        
input_expr.runTests(text)

打印:

Louis,Edward,John|85.56!26,Billy,Don!18|78.0,Dean
[['John', 85.56, 26], ['Don', 18, 78.0], ['Dean', '', '']]
[0]:
  ['John', 85.56, 26]
  - age: 26
  - name: 'John'
  - weight: 85.56
[1]:
  ['Don', 18, 78.0]
  - age: 18
  - name: 'Don'
  - weight: 78.0
[2]:
  ['Dean', '', '']
  - name: 'Dean'

在这种情况下,使用预定义的实数和整数表达式不仅可以解析值,而且还可以转换为int和float。可以像对象属性一样访问命名参数:

for person in input_expr.parseString(text):
    print("({!r}, {}, {})".format(person.name, person.age, person.weight))

礼物:

('John', 26, 85.56)
('Don', 18, 78.0)
('Dean', , )