C＃版的SQL LIKE

Question

有没有办法在C＃中搜索字符串中的模式？

像Sql LIKE这样的东西会非常有用。

Answer 1

正则表达式允许LIKE允许的所有内容，以及更多，但具有完全不同的语法。但是，由于LIKE的规则非常简单（其中%表示零个或多个字符，_表示一个字符），LIKE个参数和正则表达式用字符串表示，我们可以创建一个带有LIKE参数的正则表达式（例如abc_ef% *usd）并将其转换为等效的正则表达式（例如\Aabc.ef.* \*usd\z）：

@"\A" + new Regex(@"\.|\$|\^|\{|\[|\(|\||\)|\*|\+|\?|\\").Replace(toFind, ch => @"\" + ch).Replace('_', '.').Replace("%", ".*") + @"\z"

由此我们可以构建Like()方法：

public static class MyStringExtensions
{
  public static bool Like(this string toSearch, string toFind)
  {
    return new Regex(@"\A" + new Regex(@"\.|\$|\^|\{|\[|\(|\||\)|\*|\+|\?|\\").Replace(toFind, ch => @"\" + ch).Replace('_', '.').Replace("%", ".*") + @"\z", RegexOptions.Singleline).IsMatch(toSearch);
  }
}

因此：

bool willBeTrue = "abcdefg".Like("abcd_fg");
bool willAlsoBeTrue = "abcdefg".Like("ab%f%");
bool willBeFalse = "abcdefghi".Like("abcd_fg");

Answer 2

有几种方法可以在C＃中搜索SQL的“LIKE”运算符。 如果您只想知道字符串变量中是否存在模式，可以使用

string value = "samplevalue";
        value.Contains("eva"); // like '%eva%'
         value.StartsWith("eva");  // like 'eva%'
        value.EndsWith("eva"); // like '%eva'

如果要从字符串列表中搜索模式，则应使用LINQ to Object Features。

            List<string> valuee = new List<string> { "samplevalue1", "samplevalue2", "samplevalue3" };
        List<string> contains = (List<string>) (from val in valuee
                                        where val.Contains("pattern")
                                        select val); // like '%pattern%'

        List<string> starts = (List<string>) (from val in valuee
                                      where val.StartsWith("pattern")
                                      select val);// like 'pattern%'

        List<string> ends = (List<string>) (from val in valuee                          
                                    where val.EndsWith ("pattern")
                                    select val);// like '%pattern'

Answer 3

当我在合同中遇到这个问题时，除了拥有100％兼容的TransactSQL LIKE功能外别无选择。下面是结果 - 静态函数和字符串扩展方法。我确信它可以进一步优化，但速度非常快，并通过了我的一长串测试场景。希望它可以帮助别人！

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace SqlLikeSample
{
    public class TestSqlLikeFunction
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%", "");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%", " ");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%", "asdfa asdf asdf");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%", "%");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "_", "");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "_", " ");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "_", "4");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "_", "C");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "_", "CX");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "[ABCD]", "");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "[ABCD]", "A");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "[ABCD]", "b");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "[ABCD]", "X");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "[ABCD]", "AB");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "[B-D]", "C");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "[B-D]", "D");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "[B-D]", "A");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "[^B-D]", "C");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "[^B-D]", "D");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "[^B-D]", "A");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%TEST[ABCD]XXX", "lolTESTBXXX");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%TEST[ABCD]XXX", "lolTESTZXXX");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%TEST[^ABCD]XXX", "lolTESTBXXX");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%TEST[^ABCD]XXX", "lolTESTZXXX");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%TEST[B-D]XXX", "lolTESTBXXX");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%TEST[^B-D]XXX", "lolTESTZXXX");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff.txt", "Stuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff.txt", "MagicStuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%Stuff.txt", "MagicStuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%Stuff.txt", "Stuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%Stuff.txt", "MagicStuff001.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "Stuff.txt%", "Stuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "Stuff.txt%", "MagicStuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "Stuff.txt%", "MagicStuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "Stuff.txt%", "Stuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "Stuff.txt%", "MagicStuff001.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff.txt%", "Stuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff.txt%", "MagicStuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff.txt%", "MagicStuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff.txt%", "Stuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%Stuff.txt%", "MagicStuff001.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt", "Stuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt", "MagicStuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%Stuff%.txt", "MagicStuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%Stuff%.txt", "Stuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "%Stuff%.txt", "MagicStuff001.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt", "MagicStuff001.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "Stuff%.txt%", "Stuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "Stuff%.txt%", "MagicStuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "Stuff%.txt%", "MagicStuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "Stuff%.txt%", "Stuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "Stuff%.txt%", "MagicStuff001.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "Stuff%.txt%", "MagicStuff001.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt%", "Stuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt%", "MagicStuff.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt%", "MagicStuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt%", "Stuff.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt%", "MagicStuff001.txt.img");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "%Stuff%.txt%", "MagicStuff001.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(true, "_Stuff_.txt_", "1Stuff3.txt4");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "_Stuff_.txt_", "1Stuff.txt4");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "_Stuff_.txt_", "1Stuff3.txt");
            TestSqlLikePattern(false, "_Stuff_.txt_", "Stuff3.txt4");

            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static void TestSqlLikePattern(bool expectedResult, string pattern, string testString)
        {
            bool result = testString.SqlLike(pattern);
            if (expectedResult != result)
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red; System.Console.Out.Write("[SqlLike] FAIL");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green; Console.Write("[SqlLike] PASS");
            }
            Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White; Console.WriteLine(": \"" + testString + "\" LIKE \"" + pattern + "\" == " + expectedResult);
        }
    }

    public static class SqlLikeStringExtensions
    {
        public static bool SqlLike(this string s, string pattern)
        {
            return SqlLikeStringUtilities.SqlLike(pattern, s);
        }
    }

    public static class SqlLikeStringUtilities
    {
        public static bool SqlLike(string pattern, string str)
        {
            bool isMatch = true,
                isWildCardOn = false,
                isCharWildCardOn = false,
                isCharSetOn = false,
                isNotCharSetOn = false,
                endOfPattern = false;
            int lastWildCard = -1;
            int patternIndex = 0;
            List<char> set = new List<char>();
            char p = '\0';

            for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)
            {
                char c = str[i];
                endOfPattern = (patternIndex >= pattern.Length);
                if (!endOfPattern)
                {
                    p = pattern[patternIndex];

                    if (!isWildCardOn && p == '%')
                    {
                        lastWildCard = patternIndex;
                        isWildCardOn = true;
                        while (patternIndex < pattern.Length &&
                            pattern[patternIndex] == '%')
                        {
                            patternIndex++;
                        }
                        if (patternIndex >= pattern.Length) p = '\0';
                        else p = pattern[patternIndex];
                    }
                    else if (p == '_')
                    {
                        isCharWildCardOn = true;
                        patternIndex++;
                    }
                    else if (p == '[')
                    {
                        if (pattern[++patternIndex] == '^')
                        {
                            isNotCharSetOn = true;
                            patternIndex++;
                        }
                        else isCharSetOn = true;

                        set.Clear();
                        if (pattern[patternIndex + 1] == '-' && pattern[patternIndex + 3] == ']')
                        {
                            char start = char.ToUpper(pattern[patternIndex]);
                            patternIndex += 2;
                            char end = char.ToUpper(pattern[patternIndex]);
                            if (start <= end)
                            {
                                for (char ci = start; ci <= end; ci++)
                                {
                                    set.Add(ci);
                                }
                            }
                            patternIndex++;
                        }

                        while (patternIndex < pattern.Length &&
                            pattern[patternIndex] != ']')
                        {
                            set.Add(pattern[patternIndex]);
                            patternIndex++;
                        }
                        patternIndex++;
                    }
                }

                if (isWildCardOn)
                {
                    if (char.ToUpper(c) == char.ToUpper(p))
                    {
                        isWildCardOn = false;
                        patternIndex++;
                    }
                }
                else if (isCharWildCardOn)
                {
                    isCharWildCardOn = false;
                }
                else if (isCharSetOn || isNotCharSetOn)
                {
                    bool charMatch = (set.Contains(char.ToUpper(c)));
                    if ((isNotCharSetOn && charMatch) || (isCharSetOn && !charMatch))
                    {
                        if (lastWildCard >= 0) patternIndex = lastWildCard;
                        else
                        {
                            isMatch = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    isNotCharSetOn = isCharSetOn = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (char.ToUpper(c) == char.ToUpper(p))
                    {
                        patternIndex++;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (lastWildCard >= 0) patternIndex = lastWildCard;
                        else
                        {
                            isMatch = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            endOfPattern = (patternIndex >= pattern.Length);

            if (isMatch && !endOfPattern)
            {
                bool isOnlyWildCards = true;
                for (int i = patternIndex; i < pattern.Length; i++)
                {
                    if (pattern[i] != '%')
                    {
                        isOnlyWildCards = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (isOnlyWildCards) endOfPattern = true;
            }
            return isMatch && endOfPattern;
        }
    }
}

Answer 4

SeekBar myString.Contain("someString"); // equal with myString LIKE '%someString%' myString.EndWith("someString"); // equal with myString LIKE '%someString'

Answer 5

简单.Contains（）会为你完成工作。

"Example String".Contains("amp");   //like '%amp%'

这将返回true，对其执行选择将返回所需的输出。

Answer 6

包含可能

if ("bla bli blu".Contains("blu")){......}

Answer 7

Operators.LikeString

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualbasic.compilerservices.operators.likestring(v=vs.100).ASPX

public static bool LikeString(
    string Source,
    string Pattern,
    CompareMethod CompareOption
)

Answer 8

查看此问题 - How to do SQL Like % in Linq?

此外，对于更高级的字符串模式搜索，有很多关于使用正则表达式的教程 - 例如http://www.codeproject.com/KB/dotnet/regextutorial.aspx

Answer 9

像这样使用：

if (lbl.Text.StartWith("hr")==true ) {…}

Answer 10

我认为您可以使用"a string.Contains("str")。

它将在字符串中搜索到patern，结果为true，如果不是，则为false。

Answer 11

查看Regular Expressions。

Answer 12

Linq to SQL Like Operator

Answer 13

试过了吗

"This is a string".Contains("string");

Answer 14

作为一个迟到但正确的答案：

C-Sharp中与SQL-Like函数最接近的是在C＃中实现类似SQL的函数。

你可以把它撕掉 http://code.google.com/p/csharp-sqlite/source/checkout
[根] /csharp-sqlite/Community.CsharpSqlite/src/func_c.cs

    /*
** Implementation of the like() SQL function.  This function implements
** the build-in LIKE operator.  The first argument to the function is the
** pattern and the second argument is the string.  So, the SQL statements:
**
**       A LIKE B
**
** is implemented as like(B,A).
**
** This same function (with a different compareInfo structure) computes
** the GLOB operator.
*/
    static void likeFunc(
    sqlite3_context context,
    int argc,
    sqlite3_value[] argv
    )
    {
      string zA, zB;
      u32 escape = 0;
      int nPat;
      sqlite3 db = sqlite3_context_db_handle( context );

      zB = sqlite3_value_text( argv[0] );
      zA = sqlite3_value_text( argv[1] );

      /* Limit the length of the LIKE or GLOB pattern to avoid problems
      ** of deep recursion and N*N behavior in patternCompare().
      */
      nPat = sqlite3_value_bytes( argv[0] );
      testcase( nPat == db.aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH] );
      testcase( nPat == db.aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH] + 1 );
      if ( nPat > db.aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH] )
      {
        sqlite3_result_error( context, "LIKE or GLOB pattern too complex", -1 );
        return;
      }
      //Debug.Assert( zB == sqlite3_value_text( argv[0] ) );  /* Encoding did not change */

      if ( argc == 3 )
      {
        /* The escape character string must consist of a single UTF-8 character.
        ** Otherwise, return an error.
        */
        string zEsc = sqlite3_value_text( argv[2] );
        if ( zEsc == null )
          return;
        if ( sqlite3Utf8CharLen( zEsc, -1 ) != 1 )
        {
          sqlite3_result_error( context,
          "ESCAPE expression must be a single character", -1 );
          return;
        }
        escape = sqlite3Utf8Read( zEsc, ref zEsc );
      }
      if ( zA != null && zB != null )
      {
        compareInfo pInfo = (compareInfo)sqlite3_user_data( context );
#if SQLITE_TEST
#if !TCLSH
        sqlite3_like_count++;
#else
        sqlite3_like_count.iValue++;
#endif
#endif
        sqlite3_result_int( context, patternCompare( zB, zA, pInfo, escape ) ? 1 : 0 );
      }
    }




    /*
    ** Compare two UTF-8 strings for equality where the first string can
    ** potentially be a "glob" expression.  Return true (1) if they
    ** are the same and false (0) if they are different.
    **
    ** Globbing rules:
    **
    **      '*'       Matches any sequence of zero or more characters.
    **
    **      '?'       Matches exactly one character.
    **
    **     [...]      Matches one character from the enclosed list of
    **                characters.
    **
    **     [^...]     Matches one character not in the enclosed list.
    **
    ** With the [...] and [^...] matching, a ']' character can be included
    ** in the list by making it the first character after '[' or '^'.  A
    ** range of characters can be specified using '-'.  Example:
    ** "[a-z]" matches any single lower-case letter.  To match a '-', make
    ** it the last character in the list.
    **
    ** This routine is usually quick, but can be N**2 in the worst case.
    **
    ** Hints: to match '*' or '?', put them in "[]".  Like this:
    **
    **         abc[*]xyz        Matches "abc*xyz" only
    */
    static bool patternCompare(
    string zPattern,            /* The glob pattern */
    string zString,             /* The string to compare against the glob */
    compareInfo pInfo,          /* Information about how to do the compare */
    u32 esc                     /* The escape character */
    )
    {
      u32 c, c2;
      int invert;
      int seen;
      int matchOne = (int)pInfo.matchOne;
      int matchAll = (int)pInfo.matchAll;
      int matchSet = (int)pInfo.matchSet;
      bool noCase = pInfo.noCase;
      bool prevEscape = false;     /* True if the previous character was 'escape' */
      string inPattern = zPattern; //Entered Pattern

      while ( ( c = sqlite3Utf8Read( zPattern, ref zPattern ) ) != 0 )
      {
        if ( !prevEscape && c == matchAll )
        {
          while ( ( c = sqlite3Utf8Read( zPattern, ref zPattern ) ) == matchAll
          || c == matchOne )
          {
            if ( c == matchOne && sqlite3Utf8Read( zString, ref zString ) == 0 )
            {
              return false;
            }
          }
          if ( c == 0 )
          {
            return true;
          }
          else if ( c == esc )
          {
            c = sqlite3Utf8Read( zPattern, ref zPattern );
            if ( c == 0 )
            {
              return false;
            }
          }
          else if ( c == matchSet )
          {
            Debug.Assert( esc == 0 );         /* This is GLOB, not LIKE */
            Debug.Assert( matchSet < 0x80 );  /* '[' is a single-byte character */
            int len = 0;
            while ( len < zString.Length && patternCompare( inPattern.Substring( inPattern.Length - zPattern.Length - 1 ), zString.Substring( len ), pInfo, esc ) == false )
            {
              SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8( zString, ref len );
            }
            return len < zString.Length;
          }
          while ( ( c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zString, ref zString ) ) != 0 )
          {
            if ( noCase )
            {
               if( 0==((c2)&~0x7f) )
                c2 = (u32)sqlite3UpperToLower[c2]; //GlogUpperToLower(c2);
               if ( 0 == ( ( c ) & ~0x7f ) )
                 c = (u32)sqlite3UpperToLower[c]; //GlogUpperToLower(c);
              while ( c2 != 0 && c2 != c )
              {
                c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zString, ref zString );
                if ( 0 == ( ( c2 ) & ~0x7f ) )
                  c2 = (u32)sqlite3UpperToLower[c2]; //GlogUpperToLower(c2);
              }
            }
            else
            {
              while ( c2 != 0 && c2 != c )
              {
                c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zString, ref zString );
              }
            }
            if ( c2 == 0 )
              return false;
            if ( patternCompare( zPattern, zString, pInfo, esc ) )
              return true;
          }
          return false;
        }
        else if ( !prevEscape && c == matchOne )
        {
          if ( sqlite3Utf8Read( zString, ref zString ) == 0 )
          {
            return false;
          }
        }
        else if ( c == matchSet )
        {
          u32 prior_c = 0;
          Debug.Assert( esc == 0 );    /* This only occurs for GLOB, not LIKE */
          seen = 0;
          invert = 0;
          c = sqlite3Utf8Read( zString, ref zString );
          if ( c == 0 )
            return false;
          c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zPattern, ref zPattern );
          if ( c2 == '^' )
          {
            invert = 1;
            c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zPattern, ref zPattern );
          }
          if ( c2 == ']' )
          {
            if ( c == ']' )
              seen = 1;
            c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zPattern, ref zPattern );
          }
          while ( c2 != 0 && c2 != ']' )
          {
            if ( c2 == '-' && zPattern[0] != ']' && zPattern[0] != 0 && prior_c > 0 )
            {
              c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zPattern, ref zPattern );
              if ( c >= prior_c && c <= c2 )
                seen = 1;
              prior_c = 0;
            }
            else
            {
              if ( c == c2 )
              {
                seen = 1;
              }
              prior_c = c2;
            }
            c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zPattern, ref zPattern );
          }
          if ( c2 == 0 || ( seen ^ invert ) == 0 )
          {
            return false;
          }
        }
        else if ( esc == c && !prevEscape )
        {
          prevEscape = true;
        }
        else
        {
          c2 = sqlite3Utf8Read( zString, ref zString );
          if ( noCase )
          {
            if ( c < 0x80 )
              c = (u32)sqlite3UpperToLower[c]; //GlogUpperToLower(c);
            if ( c2 < 0x80 )
              c2 = (u32)sqlite3UpperToLower[c2]; //GlogUpperToLower(c2);
          }
          if ( c != c2 )
          {
            return false;
          }
          prevEscape = false;
        }
      }
      return zString.Length == 0;
    }

Answer 15

正如this answer和this other answer <avalon:DockingManager x:Name="DockManager" Grid.Row="2" BorderBrush="Black" Margin="3" Background="#FFFDFDFD" BorderThickness="0" AllowMixedOrientation="True" DocumentsSource="{Binding Documents}" AnchorablesSource="{Binding Anchorables}"> 中提出的那样，对于简单的任务来说，这可能是一个很好的选择，当RegExp过度使用时。语法与RegExp和SQL LIKE运算符不同，但它的学习非常简单（主要是因为它也非常有限）。

必须添加程序集ViewGroup作为项目的参考才能使用此方法。

有关详细信息，请参阅Operators.LikeString Method，有关语法的说明，请参阅Like Operator (Visual Basic)。

它可以用作String类的扩展方法：

Microsoft.VisualBasic.CompilerServices.Operators.LikeString

Answer 16

这是我的实现 - 它通过了测试并完成了诀窍 - 如果您在语句中使用了三个代号，则可能需要更改替换令牌：

// Looking for something similar to:
Vec<T>::init(n : usize, generator : F) -> Vec<T> 
    where F: Fn(usize) -> T {
    // ...
}

示例：

private Regex LikeExpressionToRegexPattern(String likePattern)
{
    var replacementToken = "~~~";

    String result = likePattern.Replace("_", replacementToken)
        .Replace("%", ".*");

    result = Regex.Replace(result, @"\[.*" + replacementToken + @".*\]", "_");

    result = result.Replace(replacementToken, ".");

    return new Regex("^" + result + "$", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
}

Answer 17

这里有几个好的答案。总结已经存在的内容并纠正：使用contains，startswith，endswith是大多数需求的好答案。正则表达式是您想要的更高级需求。

但是，这些答案中没有提到的是，对于字符串集合，linq可用于在调用where方法时应用这些过滤器。

Answer 18

添加封装VB.NET Like Operator

的VB.NET DLL

Answer 19

public static class StringsEx
{
    public static IEnumerable<String> Like(this IEnumerable<String> input, String pattern)
    {
        var dt = new DataTable();
        dt.Columns.Add("Search");
        foreach (String str in input)
        {
            dt.Rows.Add(str);
        }
        dt.DefaultView.RowFilter = String.Format("Search LIKE '{0}'", pattern);
        return dt.DefaultView.ToTable()
            .AsEnumerable()
            .Select(r => r.Field<String>("Search"));
    }
}

唯一的缺点是：“字符串中间不允许使用通配符。例如，不允许使用'te * xt'。”©

Answer 20

public static bool Like(this string value, string pattern)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(pattern))
        return false;

    bool valid = true;
    string[] words = pattern.Split("*");
    int counter = words.Count();

    for (int i = 0; i < counter; i++)
    {
        valid = valid && value.StartsWith(words[i]);                
        value = value.Substring(words[i].Length);
    }
    return valid;
 }