“用户”类型的对象不可JSON序列化(父类)

时间:2019-01-11 21:57:43

标签: json flask flask-sqlalchemy marshmallow

我正在尝试通过Flask API在数据库中插入一条记录。 User和Project类之间的关系是一对多(一个用户可以有多个项目)。我在插入新用户方面没有任何问题,但是当我尝试在数据库中插入新项目时,它实际上可以工作,但是无法将项目中的用户属性转换为JSON。这是我的代码:

用户模型文件:

<dl>
  <dt><span class="simpleTagLabel">Since:</span></dt>
  <dd>1.8</dd>
</dl>

项目模型文件:

class Usuario(db.Model):
 id = db.Column(db.BigInteger, primary_key=True)
 login = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
 email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
 nome = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
 senha = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
 telefone = db.Column(db.String(80))
 receivedNotification = db.Column(
    db.Boolean, default=False, nullable=False)
 receivedEmail = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False, nullable=False)
 emailVerificated = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False, nullable=False)
 imagem = db.Column(db.LargeBinary(length=(2 ** 32) - 1))

 def __init__(self, login='', email='', nome='', senha='',
             telefone='', received_notification=False,
             received_email=False, email_verificated=False, imagem=None, init_dict=None):
    if init_dict is None:
        self.login = login
        self.email = email
        self.nome = nome
        self.senha = senha
        self.telefone = telefone
        self.receivedNotification = received_notification
        self.receivedEmail = received_email
        self.emailVerificated = email_verificated
        self.imagem = imagem
    else:
        for key in init_dict:
            setattr(self, key, init_dict[key])
class UsuarioSchema(ma.Schema):
class Meta:
    fields = ('id', 'login', 'email', 'nome', 'telefone',
              'receivedNotification', 'receivedEmail', 'emailVerificated', 'imagem')

user_schema = UsuarioSchema()
users_schema = UsuarioSchema(many=True)

我添加项目的路线代码:

class Projeto(db.Model):
  codigo = db.Column(db.BigInteger, primary_key=True)
  nome = db.Column(db.String(100))
  descricao = db.Column(db.String(200))
  dataCriacao = db.Column(db.Date)
  dataPrevFinalizacao = db.Column(db.Date)
  dataFinalizacao = db.Column(db.Date)
  usuarioAdmId = db.Column(db.BigInteger,
                         db.ForeignKey('usuario.id'), nullable=False)
  usuarioAdm = db.relationship('Usuario',
                             backref=db.backref('projetos', lazy=True))

  def __init__(self, nome, descricao, data_criacao,
             data_prev_finalizacao, usuario_adm_id, data_finalizacao=None):
    self.nome = nome
    self.descricao = descricao
    self.dataCriacao = data_criacao
    self.dataPrevFinalizacao = data_prev_finalizacao
    self.dataFinalizacao = data_finalizacao
    self.usuarioAdmId = usuario_adm_id

class ProjetoSchema(ma.Schema):
class Meta:
    fields = ('nome', 'descricao', 'dataCriacao',
              'dataPrevFinalizacao', 'dataFinalizacao', 'usuarioAdm')

projeto_schema = ProjetoSchema()
projetos_schema = ProjetoSchema(many=True)

错误消息:

@projeto_controller.route(mapping, methods=['POST'])
def add_projeto():
  nome = request.json['nome']
  descricao = request.json['descricao']
  data_criacao = request.json['dataCriacao']
  data_criacao = datetime.strptime(
    data_criacao, '%b %d, %Y %I:%M:%S %p').date()
  data_prev_finalizacao = request.json['dataPrevFinalizacao']
  data_prev_finalizacao = datetime.strptime(
    data_prev_finalizacao, '%b %d, %Y %I:%M:%S %p').date()
  usuario_adm_id = request.json['usuarioAdm']['id']
  usuario_adm = request.json['usuarioAdm']

  usuario = mUsuario.Usuario.query.get(usuario_adm_id)
  usuarioAdm = usuario

  new_projeto = mProjeto.Projeto(nome=nome, descricao=descricao,
                               data_criacao=data_criacao,

  data_prev_finalizacao=data_prev_finalizacao,
                               usuario_adm_id=usuario_adm_id)

  new_projeto.usuarioAdm = usuarioAdm
  usuarioAdm.projetos.append(new_projeto)

  db.session.commit()
  return mProjeto.projeto_schema.jsonify(new_projeto) 

我希望返回Project JSON,因此我可以转换为移动应用程序中存在的Project类。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您应该具有一个函数,该函数以字典格式返回Projeto类的对象,然后将其转换为jsonify。像

def get_objects(self):
    """
    This function creates a dictionary and assigns
    the keys of the dictionary with the objects of
    the class and returns it in a json format. 
    """
    data = {
        'nome': self.nome,
        'descricao': self.descricao,
        'data_criacao': self.dataCriacao,
        'data_prev_finalizacao': self.dataPrevFinalizacao,
        'data_finalizacao': self.dataFinalizacao,
        'usuario_adm_id': self.usuarioAdmId
    }
    return jsonify(data)

如果您需要以模型的JSON格式返回数据,则需要以JSON格式返回数据。当前具有这一行代码,

return mProjeto.projeto_schema.jsonify(new_projeto)

您正在做的是尝试将Usuario和Projeto对象转换为JSON对象,该对象不是jsonify函数支持的有效数据类型。这就是消息所指示的

raise TypeError(f'Object of type {o.__class__.__name__} '
  TypeError: Object of type Usuario is not JSON serializable

Usuario类也可以这样做。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

经过大量搜索,我能够解决我的问题。我必须明确定义usuario类中定义的对象ProjetoSchema是嵌套对象,因此只有它们在检索Projeto时才能正确地作为JSON加载。

因此,现在这是修改后的架构:

class ProjetoSchema(ma.Schema):

  class Meta:
      fields = ('codigo', 'nome', 'descricao', 'dataCriacao',
              'dataPrevFinalizacao', 'dataFinalizacao', 'usuarioAdm')
      model = Projeto
  usuarioAdm = ma.Nested('UsuarioSchema', exclude=('projetos',))
  perfis = ma.Nested('PerfilSchema', many=True, exclude=('projeto',))


  projeto_schema = ProjetoSchema()
  projetos_schema = ProjetoSchema(many=True)

这是经过修改的UsuarioSchema:

class UsuarioSchema(ma.Schema):
  class Meta:
      fields = ('id', 'login', 'email', 'nome', 'telefone', 'receivedNotification',
              'receivedEmail', 'emailVerificated', 'imagem')
      model = Usuario
  projetos = ma.Nested('ProjetoSchema', many=True, exclude=('usuarioAdm',))
  perfis = ma.Nested('PerfilSchema', many=True, exclude=('usuario',))


  user_schema = UsuarioSchema()
  users_schema = UsuarioSchema(many=True)

这样,我不需要像获得最终代码之前那样处理无限嵌套的对象。这些行中的某些行毕竟是不必要的,因为当我检索Usuario时,我省略了将包含其Projeto子级的字段,而当检索Projeto时,它正确地显示了现在是父母。

请原谅我的英语,我是巴西人。

感谢所有提示和解决方案。