Question

Scala中最强大的模式之一是enrich-my-library *模式，它使用隐式转换出现来向现有类添加方法，而无需动态方法解析。例如，如果我们希望所有字符串都使用方法spaces来计算他们拥有的空白字符数，我们可以：

class SpaceCounter(s: String) {
  def spaces = s.count(_.isWhitespace)
}
implicit def string_counts_spaces(s: String) = new SpaceCounter(s)

scala> "How many spaces do I have?".spaces
res1: Int = 5

不幸的是，这种模式在处理泛型集合时遇到了麻烦。例如，有人提出了一些关于grouping items sequentially with collections的问题。没有任何内置的功能可以一次性使用，所以这似乎是使用泛型集合C和泛型元素类型A来丰富my-library模式的理想候选者：

class SequentiallyGroupingCollection[A, C[A] <: Seq[A]](ca: C[A]) {
  def groupIdentical: C[C[A]] = {
    if (ca.isEmpty) C.empty[C[A]]
    else {
      val first = ca.head
      val (same,rest) = ca.span(_ == first)
      same +: (new SequentiallyGroupingCollection(rest)).groupIdentical
    }
  }
}

当然，不起作用。 REPL告诉我们：

<console>:12: error: not found: value C
               if (ca.isEmpty) C.empty[C[A]]
                               ^
<console>:16: error: type mismatch;
 found   : Seq[Seq[A]]
 required: C[C[A]]
                 same +: (new SequentiallyGroupingCollection(rest)).groupIdentical
                      ^

有两个问题：我们如何从空C[C[A]]列表（或从空中）获得C[A]？我们如何从C[C[A]]行而不是same +:返回Seq[Seq[A]]？

* ^{以前称为pimp-my-library。}

Answer 1

从this commit开始，“充实”Scala系列要比Rex给出的出色答案要容易得多。对于简单的情况，它可能看起来像这样，

import scala.collection.generic.{ CanBuildFrom, FromRepr, HasElem }
import language.implicitConversions

class FilterMapImpl[A, Repr](val r : Repr)(implicit hasElem : HasElem[Repr, A]) {
  def filterMap[B, That](f : A => Option[B])
    (implicit cbf : CanBuildFrom[Repr, B, That]) : That = r.flatMap(f(_).toSeq)
}

implicit def filterMap[Repr : FromRepr](r : Repr) = new FilterMapImpl(r)

将filterMap操作的“相同结果类型”添加到所有GenTraversableLike s，

scala> val l = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
l: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

scala> l.filterMap(i => if(i % 2 == 0) Some(i) else None)
res0: List[Int] = List(2, 4)

scala> val a = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
a: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

scala> a.filterMap(i => if(i % 2 == 0) Some(i) else None)
res1: Array[Int] = Array(2, 4)

scala> val s = "Hello World"
s: String = Hello World

scala> s.filterMap(c => if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') Some(c) else None)
res2: String = HW

对于问题中的示例，解决方案现在看起来像，

class GroupIdenticalImpl[A, Repr : FromRepr](val r: Repr)
  (implicit hasElem : HasElem[Repr, A]) {
  def groupIdentical[That](implicit cbf: CanBuildFrom[Repr,Repr,That]): That = {
    val builder = cbf(r)
    def group(r: Repr) : Unit = {
      val first = r.head
      val (same, rest) = r.span(_ == first)
      builder += same
      if(!rest.isEmpty)
        group(rest)
    }
    if(!r.isEmpty) group(r)
    builder.result
  }
}

implicit def groupIdentical[Repr : FromRepr](r: Repr) = new GroupIdenticalImpl(r)

示例REPL会话，

scala> val l = List(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1)
l: List[Int] = List(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1)

scala> l.groupIdentical
res0: List[List[Int]] = List(List(1, 1),List(2, 2),List(3, 3),List(1, 1))

scala> val a = Array(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1)
a: Array[Int] = Array(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1)

scala> a.groupIdentical
res1: Array[Array[Int]] = Array(Array(1, 1),Array(2, 2),Array(3, 3),Array(1, 1))

scala> val s = "11223311"
s: String = 11223311

scala> s.groupIdentical
res2: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[String] = Vector(11, 22, 33, 11)

再次注意，观察到的结果类型原则与groupIdentical上直接定义GenTraversableLike的方式完全相同。

Answer 2

截至this commit，魔术咒语与迈尔斯给出的出色答案略有不同。

以下作品，但它是规范的吗？我希望其中一个经典能够纠正它。（或者说，大炮，大枪之一。）如果视图绑定是上限，则会丢失对Array和String的应用程序。如果绑定是GenTraversableLike或TraversableLike似乎并不重要;但IsTraversableLike为您提供了GenTraversableLike。

import language.implicitConversions
import scala.collection.{ GenTraversable=>GT, GenTraversableLike=>GTL, TraversableLike=>TL }
import scala.collection.generic.{ CanBuildFrom=>CBF, IsTraversableLike=>ITL }

class GroupIdenticalImpl[A, R <% GTL[_,R]](val r: GTL[A,R]) {
  def groupIdentical[That](implicit cbf: CBF[R, R, That]): That = {
    val builder = cbf(r.repr)
    def group(r: GTL[_,R]) {
      val first = r.head
      val (same, rest) = r.span(_ == first)
      builder += same
      if (!rest.isEmpty) group(rest)
    }
    if (!r.isEmpty) group(r)
    builder.result
  }
}

implicit def groupIdentical[A, R <% GTL[_,R]](r: R)(implicit fr: ITL[R]):
  GroupIdenticalImpl[fr.A, R] =
  new GroupIdenticalImpl(fr conversion r)

不止一种方法可以给有九条生命的猫皮肤。这个版本说，一旦我的源转换为GenTraversableLike，只要我可以从GenTraversable构建结果，就这样做。我对旧的Repr不感兴趣。

class GroupIdenticalImpl[A, R](val r: GTL[A,R]) {
  def groupIdentical[That](implicit cbf: CBF[GT[A], GT[A], That]): That = {
    val builder = cbf(r.toTraversable)
    def group(r: GT[A]) {
      val first = r.head
      val (same, rest) = r.span(_ == first)
      builder += same
      if (!rest.isEmpty) group(rest)
    }
    if (!r.isEmpty) group(r.toTraversable)
    builder.result
  }
}

implicit def groupIdentical[A, R](r: R)(implicit fr: ITL[R]):
  GroupIdenticalImpl[fr.A, R] =
  new GroupIdenticalImpl(fr conversion r)

第一次尝试包括将Repr转换为GenTraversableLike的丑陋转换。

import language.implicitConversions
import scala.collection.{ GenTraversableLike }
import scala.collection.generic.{ CanBuildFrom, IsTraversableLike }

type GT[A, B] = GenTraversableLike[A, B]
type CBF[A, B, C] = CanBuildFrom[A, B, C]
type ITL[A] = IsTraversableLike[A]

class FilterMapImpl[A, Repr](val r: GenTraversableLike[A, Repr]) { 
  def filterMap[B, That](f: A => Option[B])(implicit cbf : CanBuildFrom[Repr, B, That]): That = 
    r.flatMap(f(_).toSeq)
} 

implicit def filterMap[A, Repr](r: Repr)(implicit fr: ITL[Repr]): FilterMapImpl[fr.A, Repr] = 
  new FilterMapImpl(fr conversion r)

class GroupIdenticalImpl[A, R](val r: GT[A,R])(implicit fr: ITL[R]) { 
  def groupIdentical[That](implicit cbf: CBF[R, R, That]): That = { 
    val builder = cbf(r.repr)
    def group(r0: R) { 
      val r = fr conversion r0
      val first = r.head
      val (same, other) = r.span(_ == first)
      builder += same
      val rest = fr conversion other
      if (!rest.isEmpty) group(rest.repr)
    } 
    if (!r.isEmpty) group(r.repr)
    builder.result
  } 
} 

implicit def groupIdentical[A, R](r: R)(implicit fr: ITL[R]):
  GroupIdenticalImpl[fr.A, R] = 
  new GroupIdenticalImpl(fr conversion r)

如何将enrich-my-library模式应用于Scala集合？

3 个答案: