我容器的一个构造函数default-将分配器构造为默认参数值:
template<class T, class Allocator>
struct my_container
{
my_container(int n, Allocator alloc = Allocator()) {}
};
大概只有在可以Allocator
进行默认构造时,才启用此构造器。
我想用std::is_constructible
测试此构造函数是否可以与不是默认可构造的分配器一起使用:
template<class T>
struct my_not_default_constructible_allocator
{
// no default ctor
my_not_default_constructible_allocator(int) {}
};
但是,当我应用std::is_constructible
时,我得到的是编译时错误,而不是我期望的false
:
#include <type_traits>
template<class T, class Allocator>
struct my_container
{
my_container(int n, Allocator alloc = Allocator()) {}
};
template<class T>
struct my_not_default_constructible_allocator
{
// no default ctor
my_not_default_constructible_allocator(int) {}
};
int main()
{
bool result = std::is_constructible<my_container<int, my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int>>, int>::value;
return 0;
}
编译器输出:
$ clang -std=c++14 repro.cpp
repro.cpp:6:41: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int>'
my_container(int n, Allocator alloc = Allocator()) {}
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:976:24: note: in instantiation of default function argument expression for
'my_container<int, my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >' required here
= decltype(::new _Tp(declval<_Arg>()))>
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:977:24: note: in instantiation of default argument for '__test<my_container<int,
my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >, int>' required here
static true_type __test(int);
^~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:987:24: note: while substituting deduced template arguments into function template '__test' [with _Tp =
my_container<int, my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >, _Arg = int, $2 = (no value)]
typedef decltype(__test<_Tp, _Arg>(0)) type;
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:144:14: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__is_direct_constructible_impl<my_container<int,
my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >, int>' requested here
: public conditional<_B1::value, _B2, _B1>::type
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:992:14: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__and_<std::is_destructible<my_container<int,
my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> > >, std::__is_direct_constructible_impl<my_container<int, my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >, int> >' requested here
: public __and_<is_destructible<_Tp>,
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:1074:14: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__is_direct_constructible_new_safe<my_container<int,
my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >, int>' requested here
: public conditional<is_reference<_Tp>::value,
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:1082:14: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__is_direct_constructible_new<my_container<int,
my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >, int>' requested here
: public __is_direct_constructible_new<_Tp, _Arg>::type
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:1122:14: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__is_direct_constructible<my_container<int,
my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >, int>' requested here
: public __is_direct_constructible<_Tp, _Arg>
^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7.2.0/../../../../include/c++/7.2.0/type_traits:1133:14: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__is_constructible_impl<my_container<int,
my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int> >, int>' requested here
: public __is_constructible_impl<_Tp, _Args...>::type
^
<snip>
编译器详细信息:
$ clang --version
clang version 4.0.1-6 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
std::is_constructible
的实现未必会浪费掉感兴趣的构造函数,而是会导致错误。
my_container
的构造函数的实现不正确吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
默认参数初始化似乎在my_container
,[meta.unary_prop]/8初始化的直接上下文中:
当且仅当以下变量定义对于某些发明变量t的格式正确时,才应满足模板专门化
is_constructible<T, Args...>
的谓词条件:
T t(declval<Args>()...);
[注意:这些标记永远不会解释为函数声明。 —注 ] 就像在与T和任何Arg不相关的上下文中一样,执行访问检查。 仅考虑变量初始化的即时上下文的有效性。 [注:初始化的评估可能会产生副作用,例如实例化类模板专业化和函数模板专业化,隐式定义的函数的生成,等等。 此类副作用不在“即时上下文”中,并可能导致程序格式错误。 —注 ]
根据[expr.call] / 7:
每个参数的初始化和销毁都在调用函数的上下文中进行。
因此,可以推断出默认参数初始化发生在“立即上下文”中。我的观点是,这还不是很清楚,术语“即时上下文”没有正式定义。
另一方面,Clang还认为默认函数参数初始化发生在初始化表达式的直接上下文中。例如,此代码使用Clang编译:
template<class T,class =void>
struct constructible:std::false_type{};
template<class T>
struct constructible<T,std::void_t<decltype(T{std::declval<int>()})>>:std::true_type{};
int main()
{
static_assert(!constructible<my_container<int, my_not_default_constructible_allocator<int>>, int>::value);
return 0;
}
所以我们可以放心地认为这是一个Clang错误。