我需要编写一个程序来解决八皇后的著名国际象棋问题。有关问题的描述，请参见https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_queens_puzzle
问题有很多解决方案，因此为了给用户选择的选项，程序将从一开始就加载一个hetman的位置。然后，他将安排剩下的7个数字，以使它们不会互相攻击。
对于某些输入可能没有解决方案，因此必须为此准备程序。该程序还必须处理不正确的输入。
入口 该程序从标准输入中读取一个hetman的代数符号的位置。
退出 程序将八个hetman的位置列表或有关缺少解决方案的消息输出到标准输出。
示例 输入女王之一的位置：a2 a2 b4 c6 d8 e3 f1 g7 h5
我在这里堆放： （对角线不能很好地工作，不能完全由“ 0”完成，而且我不知道如何将数字转换为字母以某种方式继续工作）
n = 8
board = [[0] * n for row in range(n)]
def playField(self, area):
area = input('Give position of hetman: ').upper()
x = area[0]
y = area[1]
print(area[0].isdigit())
if x.isdigit() or y.isdigit():
if int(x)>n or int(x)<1 or int(y)>n or int(y)<1:
print("Wrong position, give new one: ")
playField(board, area)
else:
print(area[0],area[1])
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
board[row][column] = 1 #complete board "1"
board[int(x)-1][int(y)-1] = 69 #taken place complete "69" for now, later it will be "0"
if board[row][int(y)-1]==69: #check taken row
print("tag",board[row],board[int(y)-1])
board[row][int(y)-1]=0 #complete taken row "0"
print("taken row")
if board[int(x)-1][column]==69: #check taken column
board[int(x)-1][column]=0 #complete taken column "0"
print("taken column")
else:
print('free')
print("row,column: ", row,column)
print("x,y: ", x,y)
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
przX = abs(row - int(x))
przY = abs(column - int(y))
if (przX == przY): #check taken diagonal
print("diagonal:", row+1, column+1)
print(board)
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
if(board[row][column]==1): #if in place is "1" it means it is result
print("results: ",row,column)
else:
print("wrong")
playField(board, area)
playField(board, n)
我尝试实现此代码，但仍然无法正常工作
n = 8
board = [[0] * n for row in range(n)]
def play_field(board, n, x, y):
print(x, y)
answers = solve(n,x,y)
first_answer = next(answers)
print(list(enumerate(first_answer, start=1)))
def get_position(n):
"""Prompt a user for a string resembling F2 and return coordinate pair.
Fails for values above 9 / I.""" # docstring; explains what the function
# does and its limitations. Optional.
while True:
position = input('Give position of hetman: ').upper()
if len(position) != 2:
print("Position must be 2 characters long.")
continue # restart the while True: loop
x_str, y_str = position
try: # attempt to run the following code
x = "ABCDEFGHI".index(x_str) # outputs the location in the string
# where the value of x_str can be found
# (starts counting at 0)
except ValueError: # if x_str wasn't in "ABCDEFGHI"
print("The first character must be a letter.")
continue
try:
y = int(y_str) - 1 # Python starts counting at 0, so we need to
# make sure 1 becomes 0, 2 becomes 1 etc.
except ValueError: # if y_str couldn't be converted to an int
print("The second character must be a number.")
continue
if not (0 <= x < n and 0 <= y < n):
print("Values out of range.")
continue
return x, y # return x and y, exiting the loop
def under_attack(col, queens):
return col in queens or \
any(abs(col - x) == len(queens)-i for i,x in enumerate(queens))
def solve(n,x,y):
solutions = [[x,y]]
for row in range(n):
solutions = (solution+[i+1]
for solution in solutions
for i in range(n)
if not under_attack(i+1, solution))
return solutions
x, y = get_position(n)
play_field(board, n, x, y)
答案 0 :(得分：0)
您的功能应该真正分成几个较小的功能。首先，将缩进级别更改为四个空格，并将playField重命名为play_field以符合PEP-8，并删除一些空行。我还将修复play_field的论点；它们应该是board和n，而不是self和area。 （按照惯例，self仅应用于类的方法；此处没有类。请忽略您从现在获得的任何示例。）
n = 8
board = [[0] * n for row in range(n)]
def play_field(board, n):
area = input('Give position of hetman: ').upper()
x = area[0]
y = area[1]
print(area[0].isdigit())
if x.isdigit() or y.isdigit():
if int(x)>n or int(x)<1 or int(y)>n or int(y)<1:
print("Wrong position, give new one: ")
playField(board, area)
else:
print(area[0],area[1])
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
board[row][column] = 1
board[int(x)-1][int(y)-1] = 69
if board[row][int(y)-1]==69:
print("tag",board[row],board[int(y)-1])
board[row][int(y)-1]=0
print("taken row")
if board[int(x)-1][column]==69:
board[int(x)-1][column]=0
print("taken column")
else:
print('free')
print("row,column: ", row,column)
print("x,y: ", x,y)
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
przX = abs(row - int(x))
przY = abs(column - int(y))
if (przX == przY):
print("slant :", row+1, column+1)
print(board)
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
if(board[row][column]==0):
print("results: ",row,column)
else:
print("wrong")
playField(board, area)
play_field(board, n)
现在，要做的第一件事是将“获取输入”代码移到另一个函数中：
def get_position():
area = input('Give position of hetman: ').upper()
x, y = area # pretty much the same as x = area[0]; y = area[1]
print(x.isdigit())
我要在这里停止，因为这是您的程序当前无法执行的操作。相反，我将重写此函数：
def get_position(n):
"""Prompt a user for a string resembling F2 and return coordinate pair.
Fails for values above 9 / I.""" # docstring; explains what the function
# does and its limitations. Optional.
while True:
position = input('Give position of hetman: ').upper()
if len(position) != 2:
print("Position must be 2 characters long.")
continue # restart the while True: loop
x_str, y_str = position
try: # attempt to run the following code
x = "ABCDEFGHI".index(x_str) # outputs the location in the string
# where the value of x_str can be found
# (starts counting at 0)
except ValueError: # if x_str wasn't in "ABCDEFGHI"
print("The first character must be a letter.")
continue
try:
y = int(y_str) - 1 # Python starts counting at 0, so we need to
# make sure 1 becomes 0, 2 becomes 1 etc.
except ValueError: # if y_str couldn't be converted to an int
print("The second character must be a number.")
continue
if not (0 <= x < n and 0 <= y < n):
print("Values out of range.")
continue
return x, y # return x and y, exiting the loop
现在，我们修改play_field以接受x和y作为参数，而不自己检查area或x或y：
n = 8
board = [[0] * n for row in range(n)]
def play_field(board, n, x, y):
print(x, y)
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
board[row][column] = 1
board[x][y] = 69
if board[row][y]==69:
print("tag",board[row],board[y])
board[row][y]=0
print("taken row")
if board[x][column]==69:
board[x][column]=0
print("taken column")
else:
print('free')
print("row,column: ", row,column)
print("x,y: ", x+1,y+1)
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
przX = abs(row - x)
przY = abs(column - y)
if (przX == przY):
print("slant :", row+1, column+1)
print(board)
for row in range(n):
for column in range(n):
if(board[row][column]==0):
print("results: ",row,column)
def get_position(n):
"""Prompt a user for a string resembling F2 and return coordinate pair.
Fails for values above 9 / I.""" # docstring; explains what the function
# does and its limitations. Optional.
while True:
position = input('Give position of hetman: ').upper()
if len(position) != 2:
print("Position must be 2 characters long.")
continue # restart the while True: loop
x_str, y_str = position
try: # attempt to run the following code
x = "ABCDEFGHI".index(x_str) # outputs the location in the string
# where the value of x_str can be found
# (starts counting at 0)
except ValueError: # if x_str wasn't in "ABCDEFGHI"
print("The first character must be a letter.")
continue
try:
y = int(y_str) - 1 # Python starts counting at 0, so we need to
# make sure 1 becomes 0, 2 becomes 1 etc.
except ValueError: # if y_str couldn't be converted to an int
print("The second character must be a number.")
continue
if not (0 <= x < n and 0 <= y < n):
print("Values out of range.")
continue
return x, y # return x and y, exiting the loop
x, y = get_position(n)
play_field(board, n, x, y)
待续...
续...
以此替换您的solve函数以解决（幸运事故）问题：
def solve(n,x,y):
solutions = []
for row in range(n):
solutions = (solution+[x if row==y else i+1]
for solution in solutions
for i in range(n)
if not under_attack(i+1, solution))
return solutions
这里的魔力是[x if row==y else i+1]，它迫使第y行的女王/王后等于x。