根据使用的免费功能,我有3种不同的结果:
struct __declspec(dllexport) TimerPair final
{
long long Time{};
string Descr;
};
template<typename... T>
wchar_t* Message(T &&... args)
{
wchar_t message[100];
swprintf(message, 100, forward<T>(args)...);
return message;
}
template<typename... T>
void LogMessage(T &&... args)
{
Logger::WriteMessage(Message(forward<T>(args)...));
}
const wchar_t* ToWchar(string arg)
{
std::wstring widestr = std::wstring(arg.begin(), arg.end());
return widestr.c_str();
}
以及单元测试中的代码:( o
是TimerPair
结构)
// v1
LogMessage(L"%s : %.4fms\n", ToWchar(o.Descr), (float)o.Time / 1000000);
// v2
std::wstring widestr = std::wstring(o.Descr.begin(), o.Descr.end());
Logger::WriteMessage(Message(L"%s : %.4fms\n", widestr.c_str(), (float)o.Time / 1000000));
// v3
std::wstring widestr = std::wstring(o.Descr.begin(), o.Descr.end());
wchar_t message[100];
swprintf(message, 100, L"%s : %.4fms\n", widestr.c_str(), (float)o.Time / 1000000);
Logger::WriteMessage(message);
Logger::WriteMessage
来自MSFT单元测试框架(using namespace Microsoft::VisualStudio::CppUnitTestFramework;
)
在前两种情况下,我得到如下结果:
而不是预期的(情况3):
似乎存在指针问题,但是代码看起来正确,尤其是使用value参数(long long
)时。我想念什么?
更新。按照{strong> Omnifarious 的建议对局部变量使用static
,在v1和v3中(当一个接一个地使用时)我得到不一致的结果:
答案 0 :(得分:4)
解开所有这些都有些棘手,但是,这里肯定有一个问题。这段代码:
const wchar_t* ToWchar(string arg)
{
std::wstring widestr = std::wstring(arg.begin(), arg.end());
return widestr.c_str();
}
返回一个指向死内存的指针。当函数退出并且widestr
超出范围时,它返回的指针将释放。如果您将其更改为此:
const wchar_t* ToWchar(string arg)
{
static ::std::wstring widestr;
widestr = std::wstring(arg.begin(), arg.end());
return widestr.c_str();
}
它可能开始工作。但随后该函数将不再可重入,并且绝对肯定不再是线程安全的。
此功能的情况完全相同:
template<typename... T>
wchar_t* Message(T &&... args)
{
wchar_t message[100];
swprintf(message, 100, forward<T>(args)...);
return message;
}
message
超出范围,您将返回一个指向无效堆栈空间的指针。同样,如果您将功能更改为此:
template<typename... T>
wchar_t* Message(T &&... args)
{
static wchar_t message[100];
swprintf(message, 100, forward<T>(args)...);
return message;
}
它可能会开始工作,但再次不再是可重入的或线程安全的。
我会重新考虑您的处理方式。这利用了C ++关于临时人员生命周期的保证来解决该问题:
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
extern void fake_logger_writemessage(wchar_t const *);
template <class T>
class WCharWrapper {
public:
WCharWrapper() = delete; // Make it unconstructable
};
template <>
class WCharWrapper<wchar_t const *> {
public:
WCharWrapper() = delete;
explicit WCharWrapper(wchar_t const *s) : s_(s) {}
operator wchar_t const *() const { return s_; }
private:
wchar_t const * const s_;
};
template <>
class WCharWrapper<::std::wstring const &> {
public:
WCharWrapper() = delete;
explicit WCharWrapper(::std::wstring const &s) : s_(s) {}
operator wchar_t const *() const { return s_.c_str(); }
private:
::std::wstring const &s_;
};
template <>
class WCharWrapper<char const *> {
public:
WCharWrapper() = delete;
explicit WCharWrapper(char const *s) : s_(s, s + ::std::strlen(s)) {}
operator wchar_t const *() const { return s_.c_str(); }
private:
::std::wstring const s_;
};
template <>
class WCharWrapper<::std::string const &> {
public:
WCharWrapper() = delete;
explicit WCharWrapper(::std::string const &s) : s_(s.begin(), s.end()) {}
operator wchar_t const *() const { return s_.c_str(); }
private:
::std::wstring const s_;
};
template <typename T>
T widen_strings(T &&arg)
{
return ::std::forward(arg);
}
WCharWrapper<char const *> widen_strings(char const *arg)
{
return WCharWrapper<char const *>(arg);
}
WCharWrapper<::std::string const &> widen_strings(::std::string const &arg)
{
return WCharWrapper<::std::string const &>(arg);
}
// Capture non-const as well, to make sure they aren't passed through unchanged.
WCharWrapper<::std::string const &> widen_strings(::std::string &arg)
{
return WCharWrapper<::std::string const &>(arg);
}
template <typename T>
T &&widen_strings(T && arg)
{
return arg;
}
template<typename... T>
wchar_t const *Message(wchar_t *out, T &&... args)
{
swprintf(out, widen_strings(::std::forward<T>(args))...);
return out;
}
template<typename... T>
void LogMessage(T &&... args)
{
wchar_t msgbuf[100];
fake_logger_writemessage(Message(msgbuf, ::std::forward<T>(args)...));
}
This version I put on Godbolt应该可以正常工作。最后看一下如何使用它的示例。