我想编写一个使用处理的回溯-8 Queens-可视化代码。
因此,我尝试在noLoop()
内使用setup()
,并在每个更新步骤中依次调用redraw()
和delay(100)
,但这没有用。
这是我的职能。
int cellH = 38, cellW = 38, n = 8;
PImage img;
boolean [][] grid;
boolean [] visC, visMD, visSD;
boolean firstTime = true;
void drawQueen(int r, int c){
image(img, c*cellW, r*cellH, cellW, cellH);
}
void drawGrid(){
background(255);
for(int r = 0 ; r < n ; ++r){
for(int c = 0 ; c < n ; ++c){
if((r&1) != (c&1)) fill(0);
else fill(255);
rect(c*cellW, r*cellH, (c+1)*cellW, (r+1)*cellH);
}
}
}
void updateQueens(){
for(int r = 0 ; r < n ; ++r)
for(int c = 0 ; c < n ; ++c)
if(grid[r][c] == true)
drawQueen(r, c);
}
boolean backTrack(int r){
if(r == n) return true;
else{
for(int c = 0 ; c < n ; ++c){
if(!visC[c] && !visMD[n+r-c] && !visSD[r+c]){
//Do
grid[r][c] = visC[c] = visMD[n+r-c] = visSD[r+c] = true;
redraw();
delay(100);
//Recurse
if(backTrack(r+1)) return true;
//Undo
grid[r][c] = visC[c] = visMD[n+r-c] = visSD[r+c] = false;
}
}
}
return false;
}
void setup(){
size(280, 280);
cellH = 280/n;
cellW = 280/n;
grid = new boolean[n][n];
visC = new boolean[n];
visMD = new boolean[2*n];
visSD = new boolean[2*n];
noLoop();
img = loadImage("queen.png");
backTrack(0);
}
void draw(){
drawGrid();
updateQueens();
}
运行草图时,只会显示最终状态。
还有其他想法吗?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
处理的方式是,通过将draw
函数转到该循环的主体来模拟循环,并在setup
函数中进行所有初始化。
要模拟递归,可以将其转换为循环然后执行上述操作,通常可以使用堆栈来完成,并且基本上用您的系统替换系统的堆栈;我已经读了一些书(检查this question有一些想法),并且发现如果递归调用位于函数主体的末尾,将递归转换为带有堆栈的循环将非常容易。
现在的问题是,您在递归调用之后的之后有一些代码,该代码应在调用返回后执行,但调查一下,只是撤消更改对于全局变量,我们可以克服,如果我们将这些变量视为状态的一部分(效率不高,无法很好地扩展,但是在您的情况下,它可以做到),所以 undo 部分不需要,并且递归调用将是函数体内的最后一件事(现在让我们离开内部的for循环)。
为此,我定义了一个名为State
的类,它如下..
class State {
private final int SIZE = 8;
private boolean grid[][], visC[], visR[], visMD[], visSD[];
int r, c;
State() {
visC = new boolean[SIZE];
visR = new boolean[SIZE];
visMD = new boolean[2*SIZE];
visSD = new boolean[2*SIZE];
grid = new boolean[SIZE][SIZE];
}
State(State other) {
this();
cpyArr(other.visMD, this.visMD);
cpyArr(other.visSD, this.visSD);
cpyArr(other.visC, this.visC);
cpyArr(other.visR, this.visR);
for (int i = 0 ; i < other.grid.length ; ++i)
for (int j = 0 ; j < other.grid[i].length ; ++j)
this.grid[i][j] = other.grid[i][j];
this.r = other.r;
this.c = other.c;
}
void cpyArr(boolean from[], boolean to[]) {
for (int i = 0 ; i < from.length ; ++i) to[i] = from[i];
}
boolean isValid(int r, int c) {
return (r < SIZE && c < SIZE && !visR[r] && !visC[c] && !visMD[SIZE + r - c] && !visSD[r + c]);
}
// actually update this sate with r and c
void affect() {
grid[r][c] = visC[c] = visMD[SIZE + r - c] = visSD[r + c] = true;
}
PVector[] getPositions() {
ArrayList<PVector> ret = new ArrayList<PVector>();
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; ++j)
if (grid[i][j]) ret.add(new PVector(j, i));
return ret.toArray(new PVector[0]);
}
}
它包含表示该递归状态所需的所有内容,现在代码看起来像..
stack.push(initialState);
while(stack.size() != 0) {
State currentState = stack.pop();
// do stuff ...
stack.push(nextState);
}
我们可以将draw
函数的主体视为while循环的主体,并在堆栈为空时使用noLoop()
将其停止,因此最终代码将类似于.. >
import java.util.Stack;
final int GRID_SIZE = 8;
float cellH, cellW;
PImage img;
Stack<State> stack;
void setup() {
size(500, 500);
frameRate(5);
cellH = (float) height / GRID_SIZE;
cellW = (float) width / GRID_SIZE;
img = loadImage("queen.png");
stack = new Stack<State>();
State state = new State();
state.r = -1;
state.c = -1;
stack.push(state);
noLoop();
}
void draw() {
// stop if the stack is empty
if (stack.size() == 0) {
noLoop();
return;
}
State current = stack.pop();
drawGrid(current);
// stop when a solution is found
if (current.r == GRID_SIZE - 1) {
noLoop();
return;
}
for (int c = GRID_SIZE - 1; c >= 0; --c) {
State next = new State(current);
if (!next.isValid(current.r+1, c)) continue;
next.c = c;
next.r = current.r + 1;
next.affect();
stack.push(next);
}
}
void drawGrid(State state) {
float cellH = height / GRID_SIZE;
float cellW = width / GRID_SIZE;
background(255);
for (int r = 0; r < GRID_SIZE; ++r) {
for (int c = 0; c < GRID_SIZE; ++c) {
if ((r&1) != (c&1)) fill(0);
else fill(255);
rect(c*cellW, r*cellH, (c+1)*cellW, (r+1)*cellH);
}
}
PVector pos[] = state.getPositions();
for (PVector vec : pos) {
image(img, vec.x * cellW + cellW * 0.1, vec.y * cellH + cellH * 0.1, cellW * 0.8, cellH * 0.8);
}
}
// to resume the search after a solution is found
void keyPressed() {
if (key == ' ') loop();
}
请注意,我们稍后留给 inner-loop 的那一部分将其反转,因此要执行的第一个状态与回溯将要探索的第一个状态相同。
现在在数据文件中为 queen.png 资源放置一些漂亮的图像,结果非常漂亮...
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我尝试使用Thread
来解决它,它给了我很好的输出,所以这是我的代码:
int cellH = 38, cellW = 38, n = 8;
PImage img;
boolean [][] grid;
boolean [] visC, visMD, visSD;
boolean firstTime = true;
Thread thread;
void setup(){
size(560, 560);
cellH = 560/n;
cellW = 560/n;
grid = new boolean[n][n];
visC = new boolean[n];
visMD = new boolean[2*n];
visSD = new boolean[2*n];
img = loadImage("queen.png");
thread = new Thread(new MyThread());
thread.start();
}
void draw(){
if(thread.isAlive())
drawGrid();
else{
noLoop();
endRecord();
return;
}
}
void drawGrid(){
background(255);
for(int r = 0 ; r < n ; ++r){
for(int c = 0 ; c < n ; ++c){
if((r&1) != (c&1)) fill(0);
else fill(255);
rect(c*cellW, r*cellH, (c+1)*cellW, (r+1)*cellH);
if(grid[r][c] == true)
image(img, c*cellW, r*cellH, cellW, cellH);
}
}
}
boolean backTrack(int r){
if(r == n) return true;
else{
for(int c = 0 ; c < n ; ++c){
if(!visC[c] && !visMD[n+r-c] && !visSD[r+c]){
//Do
grid[r][c] = visC[c] = visMD[n+r-c] = visSD[r+c] = true;
try{
Thread.sleep(200);
}catch(InterruptedException e){System.out.println(e);}
//Recurse
if(backTrack(r+1)) return true;
//Undo
grid[r][c] = visC[c] = visMD[n+r-c] = visSD[r+c] = false;
try{
Thread.sleep(200);
}catch(InterruptedException e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
}
return false;
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
public void run(){
backTrack(0);
}
}
这是输出:
答案 2 :(得分:0)
在构造程序时,仅在内部调用redraw()才有意义 事件,例如mousePressed()。这是因为redraw()无法运行 立即draw()(它仅设置一个标志,指示更新为 需要)。
重新绘制不会导致屏幕绘制。它设置了一个需要调用draw()的标志,该标志发生在循环的末尾。一种解决方案是将draw()
重命名为drawScreen()
并调用它而不是redraw()
。