我不了解struct和类相等性检查之间的区别。由于Struct和Class都从内核获取#hash,但它们的行为似乎有所不同。
我知道instance.hash将为每个类实例产生不同的结果。与类实例[Foo,Object,Kernel,BasicObject]相比,Struct实例具有不同的祖先[Customer,Struct,Enumerable,Object,Kernel,BasicObject]。真正导致每个Class实例具有不同哈希值的原因是什么
Customer = Struct.new(:name, :phone, :address) do
end
class Foo
def initialize(the_name, phone, address)
@name = the_name
@phone = phone
@address = address
end
end
str_a = Customer.new('bond', 'ring', 'address')
str_b = Customer.new('bond', 'ring', 'address')
foo_a = Foo.new('bond', 'ring', 'address')
foo_b = Foo.new('bond', 'ring', 'address')
p str_a == str_b #true
p foo_a == foo_b #false
p str_a.hash # 4473040617195177332
p str_b.hash # 4473040617195177332
p foo_a.hash # -3118151143418428190
p foo_b.hash # -1042397847400824657
p str_a.method(:hash).owner #Kernel
p foo_a.method(:hash).owner #Kernel
Struct和Class都使用Kernel生成hash_number。为什么不同的Class实例会产生不同的哈希int,而Struct实例会产生相同的hash int?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我相信您正在寻找的答案可以在Struct documentation
中找到Equality—Returns true if other has the same struct subclass
and has equal member values (according to Object#==).
您的示例中str_a
和str_b
具有相等的成员值,并且它们具有相同的子类(Customer
),因此与==
相比它们是相等的>
Equality — At the Object level, == returns true only if
obj and other are the same object. Typically, this method is
overridden in descendant classes to provide class-specific meaning.
在您的示例中,foo_a
和foo_b
不是同一对象(因为它们不是同一实例)
如果您要寻找为什么不同,那么我并没有真正回答这个问题。只是行为符合文档的预期。它们实际上没有相同的ID:
pry >> Bar = Struct.new(:name) do; end
=> Bar < Struct
pry >> x = Bar.new
=> #<Struct:Bar:0x7f8ebca47610
name = nil
pry >> y = Bar.new
=> #<Struct:Bar:0x7f8ebca14058
name = nil
pry >> x.name = "foo"
=> "foo"
pry >> y.name = "foo"
=> "foo"
pry >> x
=> #<Struct:Bar:0x7f8ebca47610
name = "foo"
pry >> y
=> #<Struct:Bar:0x7f8ebca14058
name = "foo"
但是,您会注意到比较是基于属性而不是对象ID:
pry >> x == y
=> true
即使对象ID有所不同:
pry >> x.__id__
=> 70125513489160
pry >> y.__id__
=> 70125513383980