我目前正在与tkinter一起进行学校分配,为用户输入输入内容创建了图形用户界面。我决定将输入分成不同的页面,以免让用户不知所措,也不需要滚动。
每个页面都有一系列的Label和Entry,分别在左右除数上分开,并且我设法以某种方式设法使它在每个页面上起作用。这是我的工作代码的简化版本:
import tkinter as tk
class Layers(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
super().__init__(root)
self.layers = []
self.layers.append(Welcome_Page(self))
self.layers.append(Form_1(self))
self.layers.append(Form_2(self))
for layer in self.layers:
layer.add_form(self)
layer.add_buttons(self)
layer.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.layers[0].tkraise()
class Welcome_Page(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
super().__init__(root, width=600, height=800, background="red")
def add_buttons(self, root):
self.next = tk.Button(self, text="Next page", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.layers[1].tkraise)
self.next.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor="se")
self.prev = tk.Button(self, text="Quit", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.master.destroy)
self.prev.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor="sw")
pass
def add_form(self, root):
self.text_label = tk.Label(self, text="Welcome to this program")
self.text_label.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor="n")
pass
class Form_1(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
super().__init__(root, width=600, height=800, background="yellow")
def add_buttons(self, root):
self.next = tk.Button(self, text="Next page", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.layers[2].tkraise)
self.next.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor="se")
self.prev = tk.Button(self, text="Back", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.layers[0].tkraise)
self.prev.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor="sw")
pass
def add_form(self, root):
self.text_label = tk.Label(self, text="Personal data")
self.text_label.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor="n")
self.container_left = tk.Frame(self, background="#BAFFCE")
self.container_right = tk.Frame(self, background="#72FF9A")
self.container_left.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.container_right.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1, uniform="group1")
self.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1, uniform="group1")
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.last_name_label = tk.Label(self.container_right, text="Last name")
self.last_name_space = tk.Entry(self.container_right, text="lastname")
self.last_name_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=(10,0), pady=(10,0))
self.last_name_space.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=(5, 0), pady=(10,0))
pass
class Form_2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
super().__init__(root, width=600, height=800, background="gray")
def add_buttons(self, root):
self.next = tk.Button(self, text="Next page", width=25, height=5)
self.next.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor="se")
self.prev = tk.Button(self, text="Back", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.layers[1].tkraise)
self.prev.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor="sw")
pass
def add_form(self, root):
self.text_label = tk.Label(self, text="Third page")
self.text_label.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor="n")
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("600x800")
window = Layers(root)
window.pack(expand=True, fill="both")
root.mainloop()
尽管如此,在将每个页面分成两个不同的Frame()容器时,我偶然发现了两个问题:
class Layers(tk.Frame): def __init__(self, root): super().__init__(root) self.layers = [] self.layers.append(Welcome_Page(self)) self.layers.append(Form_1(self)) self.layers.append(Form_2(self)) for layer in self.layers: layer.add_form(self) layer.add_buttons(self) layer.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew") layer.container_left = tk.Frame(layer, background="#BAFFCE") layer.container_right = tk.Frame(layer, background="#72FF9A") layer.container_left.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew") layer.container_right.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew") layer.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1, uniform="group1") layer.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1, uniform="group1") layer.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) print(layer) self.layers[0].tkraise()
我遇到的错误是AttributeError: 'Form_1' object has no attribute 'container_right'
。我得到的是,即使我使用的是layer.
,也没有在类内部创建变量,而是在其他地方创建了变量。如何在类内创建变量,而又不重复使用代码?
由于我对Python和Tkinter还是很陌生,因此也提出了其他建议。
答案 0 :(得分:0)
通过将第17行更改为:
,您可以在第一个代码中看到ipadx
和ipady
的效果。
layer.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew", ipadx=30, ipady=30,)
答案 1 :(得分:0)
我知道您提到过要保持类结构相同,但是为表单页面引入超类可能是值得的。从那里,您可以定义add_form
和add_buttons
实例方法,而仅从超类的__init__
内部调用它们,而不用循环浏览页面。因此,就像:
class FormPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, width=600, height=800, background="yellow")
self.parent=parent
self.add_buttons()
self.add_form()
def add_buttons(self):
self.next = tk.Button(self, text="Next page", width=25, height=5)
self.next.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor="se")
self.prev = tk.Button(self, text="Back", width=25, height=5)
self.prev.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor="sw")
def add_form(self):
self.text_label = tk.Label(self) #use the configure method in child classes to set the text
self.text_label.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor="n")
self.container_left = tk.Frame(self, background="#BAFFCE")
self.container_right = tk.Frame(self, background="#72FF9A")
self.container_left.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.container_right.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1, uniform="group1")
self.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1, uniform="group1")
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
因此,FormPage
的初始化将在实例化表单页面时自动调用add_buttons
和add_form
方法。
然后,对于特定的表格,您可以执行以下操作:
class Form_1(FormPage):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(parent) #call FormPage's initialisation
def add_buttons(self):
self.next.configure(command=self.parent.layers[1].tkraise)
...#add the specific functionality of the buttons using configure
def add_form(self):
super().add_form()
self.text_Label.configure(text="Personal Information")
self.last_name_label = tk.Label(self.container_right, text="Last name")
self.last_name_space = tk.Entry(self.container_right, text="lastname")
self.last_name_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=(10,0), pady=(10,0))
self.last_name_space.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=(5, 0), pady=(10,0))
因此,FormPage
的任何子级都具有属性container_left
和container_right
。
然后,如果某些表单需要更多按钮,则可以重写该表单类中的方法add_buttons
。同样,对于任何其他方法。
然后,您只需要一个位置来存储所有页面,例如Layers
类。 IMO,您无需将所有图层都放在网格上,因为无论如何您都将通过导航按钮调用tkraise
。我认为您的Layers
类可以简化为:
class Layers(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(self)
self.layers = []
for F in {Welcome_Page, Form_1, Form_2}:
self.layers.append(F(self))
self.layers[0].tkraise()
通常,继承层次结构是减少代码重复的好方法。希望这会有所帮助:)