因此,我正在学习“合并排序”,并尝试使用C ++来实现它。这是GeeksforGeeks给出的代码:
/* C program for Merge Sort */
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
// Merges two subarrays of arr[].
// First subarray is arr[l..m]
// Second subarray is arr[m+1..r]
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r)
{
int i, j, k;
int n1 = m - l + 1;
int n2 = r - m;
/* create temp arrays */
int L[n1], R[n2];
/* Copy data to temp arrays L[] and R[] */
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
L[i] = arr[l + i];
for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
R[j] = arr[m + 1+ j];
/* Merge the temp arrays back into arr[l..r]*/
i = 0; // Initial index of first subarray
j = 0; // Initial index of second subarray
k = l; // Initial index of merged subarray
while (i < n1 && j < n2)
{
if (L[i] <= R[j])
{
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
}
else
{
arr[k] = R[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
/* Copy the remaining elements of L[], if there
are any */
while (i < n1)
{
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
k++;
}
/* Copy the remaining elements of R[], if there
are any */
while (j < n2)
{
arr[k] = R[j];
j++;
k++;
}
}
/* l is for left index and r is right index of the
sub-array of arr to be sorted */
void mergeSort(int arr[], int l, int r)
{
if (l < r)
{
// Same as (l+r)/2, but avoids overflow for
// large l and h
int m = l+(r-l)/2;
// Sort first and second halves
mergeSort(arr, l, m);
mergeSort(arr, m+1, r);
merge(arr, l, m, r);
}
}
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Function to print an array */
void printArray(int A[], int size)
{
int i;
for (i=0; i < size; i++)
printf("%d ", A[i]);
printf("\n");
}
/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main()
{
int arr[] = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
int arr_size = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
printf("Given array is \n");
printArray(arr, arr_size);
mergeSort(arr, 0, arr_size - 1);
printf("\nSorted array is \n");
printArray(arr, arr_size);
return 0;
}
但是,有些代码行似乎无法理解:
1。
// Same as (l+r)/2, but avoids overflow for
// large l and h
int m = l+(r-l)/2;
我找不到任何(l + r)/ 2 = l +(r-1)/ 2,因为它们显然相差1。而且,使用l +(r-1)/ 2不会真正适用于偶数个元素的数组。例如。具有4个元素的数组,m = 0 +(3-1)/ 2 = 1,这不是正确的中间索引。我假设它是2。而且,我无法弄清楚“避免大的l和h发生溢出”的含义。假设h是一个错字,即l和r,我仍然不知道为什么(l + r)/ 2会导致溢出,而l +(r-1)/ 2不会。
k = l; //合并子数组的初始索引
那很奇怪。为什么合并子数组的初始索引以1而不是0开头?
3。
/* Copy the remaining elements of L[], if there
are any */
while (i < n1)
{
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
k++;
}
所以我有点想出排序的方式,但是说
L = {0, 9, 1}, R = {1, 2, 3}
So here is what happens:
arr[1] = L[0] (0 < 1)
arr[2] = R[0] (1 < 9)
arr[3] = R[1] (2 < 9)
arr[4] = R[2] (3 < 9)
So now we have 9 and 1 remaining in L, hence
arr[5] = 9
arr[6] = 1
嗯,arr仍然没有排序... 谁能向我解释以上问题? 或者,您可以概括地说一下代码如何实现合并排序。 非常感谢您的帮助。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
我设法弄清楚了一切。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
好吧,第一个问题的答案是找到中间位置的代码 “ int m = l +(r-l)/ 2;”是正确的, 即使元素的数量为4,索引也将是“ 0 1 2 3”,在这里我们可以看到中间是索引1(不是2)。 并从代码“ int m = 0+(3-0)/ 2 = 3/2 = 1;