Question

在Mac OS X上尝试使用冲煮安装的Python 2.7创建virtualenv时，出现以下错误：

Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: 
  [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/lib'

完整输出：

▶ virtualenv ./virtualenv               
New python executable in /Users/alexharvey/git/home/sam-test/virtualenv/bin/python2.7
Also creating executable in /Users/alexharvey/git/home/sam-test/virtualenv/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...                    

  Complete output from command /Users/alexharvey/gi...ualenv/bin/python2.7 - setuptools pip wheel:
  Looking in links: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages, /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support, /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualen
v_support                                                                                                                                                             
Collecting setuptools                                                       
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/37/06/754589caf971b0d2d48f151c2586f62902d93dc908e2fd9b9b9f6aa3c9dd/setuptools-40.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl      
Collecting pip                                                          
Collecting wheel                                                                                                                                                      
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ff/47/1dfa4795e24fd6f93d5d58602dd716c3f101cfd5a77cd9acbe519b44a0a9/wheel-0.32.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl           
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip, wheel                                                                                                                 
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/lib'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.                                                                                                          

----------------------------------------
...Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 11, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())                                                                                                                                                  
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 762, in main                                                                                      
    symlink=options.symlink,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 1015, in create_environment
    install_wheel(to_install, py_executable, search_dirs, download=download)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 968, in install_wheel
    call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)                                                                                              
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 854, in call_subprocess
    raise OSError("Command {} failed with error code {}".format(cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
OSError: Command /Users/alexharvey/gi...ualenv/bin/python2.7 - setuptools pip wheel failed with error code 1

我看到以前经常在这里问过类似的问题（例如here），但是似乎建议使用sudo来回答问题，这显然是错误的。

请注意，我在此页面上遵循了以下建议：Using python effectively on Mac OS X。

如何解决此问题（不使用sudo）？

Answer 1

如评论中所建议，自定义Distutils配置文件存在问题。该文件显然可以放在以下三个位置之一中（ref）：

系统：// create an instance WebClient webClient = new WebClient(); // call the HTML page you want to download, and get it as a string string htmlCode = webClient.DownloadString(uri); return htmlCode;
个人：conda create --name new_env_name tensorflow-gpu activate new_env_name
本地：<prefix>/lib/pythonver/distutils/distutils.cfg

同时，我根据此答案here创建了一个$HOME/.pydistutils.cfg，内容为：

setup.cfg

我已经不记得为什么我曾经咨询过这个答案，或者为什么我把那个文件放在那里了，但是在删除它之后，virtualenv再次正常工作，而且我再也没有任何问题了。

Answer 2

在全局/lib中安装任何内容显然需要root特权。

您可以在不使用sudo的情况下将模块安装到用户的文件夹中，而在安装任何软件包时只需添加--user参数即可。

Answer 3

您必须以非sudo用户身份安装python和pip

Python安装

cd
mkdir python
cd python
mkdir src
cd src
wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/Python-2.7.3.tgz
tar xvfz Python-2.7.3.tgz
cd Python-2.7.3
mkdir ~/python/python27
./configure -prefix=/home/username/python/python27
make
make install
cd
echo "export PATH=$HOME/python/python27/bin" >> .bashrc
source .bashrc

获得点子

cd ~/python
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
tar xvfz setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
cd setuptools-0.6c11
python setup.py install
cd ..
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
tar xvfz pip-1.1.tar.gz
cd pip-1.1
python setup.py install
cd

获取virtualenv

pip install virtualenv
pip install virtualenvwrapper

记下您的项目并激活虚拟环境

git clone ...  # Whatever project you're doing
cd <projectname>
virtualenv --distribute env
source env/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

运行virtualenv时，Errno 13权限被拒绝

3 个答案: