如何合并两个相同结构类型的Go值?

时间:2018-12-21 01:34:06

标签: go struct merge reflect

我想创建一个名为merge()的函数,该函数接受同一结构但 any 结构的两个值,并返回这两个结构的合并值。

我希望第一个值优先。例如,如果有两个结构ab,则在调用merge(a,b)之后,如果同时存在ab都包含的字段,我希望它具有该给定字段的a的值。

实现此目标的最佳方法是什么? https://play.golang.org/p/7s9PWx26gfz

type cat struct {
name  string
color string
age   int
}

type book struct {
title  string
author string
}

func main() {
c1 := cat{
    name:  "Oscar",
    color: "",
    age:   3,
}

c2 := cat{
    name:  "",
    color: "orange",
    age:   2,
}

c3 := merge(c1, c2)

// want: c3 = cat{
//               name: "Oscar",
//               color: "orange",
//               age: 3,
//       }



// another case...
b1 := book{
    title: "Lord of the Rings",
    author: "John Smith",
}

b2 := book{
    title: "Harry Potter",
    author: "",
}

b3 := merge(b1, b2)

// want: b3 = book{
//               title: "Lord of the Rings",
//               author: "John Smith",
//       }
}

这是我到目前为止所拥有的:

// merges two structs, where a's values take precendence over b's values (a's values will be kept over b's if each field has a value)
func merge(a, b interface{}) (*interface{}, error) {
    var result interface{}
    aFields := reflect.Fields(a)
    bFields := reflect.Fields(b)

    if !reflect.DeepEqual(aFields, bFields) {
        return &result, errors.New("cannot merge structs of different struct types")
    }

    aValOf := reflect.ValueOf(a)
    bValOf := reflect.ValueOf(b)
    resultValOf := reflect.ValueOf(result)
    aValues := make([]interface{}, aValOf.NumField())
    resultValues := make([]interface{}, resultValOf.NumField())

    for i := 0; i < aValOf.NumField(); i++ {
        if reflect.ValueOf(aValues[i]).IsNil() {
            resultValues[i] = bValOf.Field(i).Interface()
            break
        }
        resultValues[i] = aValOf.Field(i).Interface()
    }
    return &result, nil
}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

对目标结构中的字段使用自定义类型。

int delayVal = 100;
char action = "n";
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8,HIGH);
  digitalWrite(7,HIGH);
}
void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  if(Serial.available() > 0){
      action = Serial.read();
      newAction();
  }
}
void newAction(){
  if(action == 'o'){
     openRelays();
  }else if(action == 'c'){
    closeRelays();
  }else if(action == 'd'){
    bool canContinue = false;
    while(!canContinue){
      if(Serial.available() > 0){
        String val = Serial.readString();
        delayVal = val.toInt();
        canContinue = true;
      }
    }
  }else{
    Serial.println("No hay nada");
  }
}
void openRelays(){
  digitalWrite(8,LOW);
  digitalWrite(7,LOW);
}
void closeRelays(){
  digitalWrite(8,HIGH);
  delay(delayVal);
  digitalWrite(7,HIGH);
}

对每种自定义类型实施UnMarshalJSON,以便它们仅对空的目标值进行解组。

type firstString string
type firstInt int

type cat struct {
    Name  firstString
    Color firstString
    Age   firstInt
}

type book struct {
    Title  firstString
    Author firstString
}

如果您的数据是通过JSON传递的,则可以避免使用merge函数;只需取消将传入的JSON编组到同一结构即可。如果您的数据已经在不同的结构中,则可以在合并函数中使用JSON作为中介,以抽象化示例中所有的反映。

func (fs *firstString) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
   if len(*fs) > 0 {
        return nil
    }
    var s string
    err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &s)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    *fs = firstString(s)
    return nil
}

func (fi *firstInt) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
    if *fi != 0 {
        return nil
    }
    var i int
    err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &i)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    *fi = firstInt(i)
    return nil
}

在一个有效的示例中:https://play.golang.org/p/5YO2HCi8f0N

答案 1 :(得分:0)

检查此软件包https://github.com/imdario/mergo

示例代码:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/imdario/mergo"
)

type Foo struct {
    A string
    B int64
}

func main() {
    src := Foo{
        A: "one",
        B: 2,
    }
    dest := Foo{
        A: "two",
    }
    mergo.Merge(&dest, src)
    fmt.Println(dest)
    // Will print
    // {two 2}
}