当我在Python Shell中输入代码时 我收到此错误。
prfun lemma_nat_mul_1_is_nat
{x: nat}
{y: int}
.<x>.
( pf_x1: MUL(x,1,y) )
: [y == x] void
= sif x <= 0
then let
prval pf_01_0 = MULbas{1}()
prval _ = mul_isfun(pf_01_0, pf_x1)
in () end
else let
prval pf_xm1 = mul_istot{x-1,1}()
prval _ = lemma_nat_mul_1_is_nat{x-1}(pf_xm1)
prval pf2_x1 = mul_add_const{1}{x-1,1}(pf_xm1)
prval _ = mul_isfun(pf_x1, pf2_x1)
in () end
prfn lemma_x_mul_1_is_x
{x: int}
{y: int}
( pf_x1: MUL(x,1,y) )
: [y == x] void
= sif x < 0
then let
prval pf_neg = mul_istot{~x,1}()
prval _ = lemma_nat_mul_1_is_nat{~x}(pf_neg)
prval pf2_x1 = mul_negate{~x,1}(pf_neg)
prval _ = mul_isfun(pf_x1, pf2_x1)
in () end
else lemma_nat_mul_1_is_nat{x}{y}(pf_x1)
prfn lemma_mul_gez
{a: pos}
{b: int}
{ab: nat}
( pf: MUL(a,b,ab) )
: [b >= 0; (ab == 0 && b == 0) || (ab > 0 && b > 0)] void
= let
prfun loop
{a: pos}
{b: int}
{ab: int}
{i: pos | i <= a}
{ib: int | (ib < 0 && b < 0) || (ib == 0 && b == 0) || (ib > 0 && b > 0) }
.<a-i>.
( pfi: MUL(i,b,ib)
, pf : MUL(a,b,ab) )
: [(ab < 0 && b < 0) || (ab == 0 && b == 0) || (ab > 0 && b > 0)] void
= sif i >= a (* i == a *)
then mul_isfun(pf,pfi)
else let
prval pfi_inc = mul_add_const{1}(pfi)
in loop(pfi_inc, pf) end
prval pf1 = mul_istot{1,b}()
prval _ = lemma_x_mul_1_is_x(mul_commute(pf1))
in loop(pf1, pf) end
因为我已经正确安装了gTTS，所以我可以肯定。 我使用了https://pypi.org/project/gTTS/
给出的示例我使用的代码是
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 600, in urlopen
chunked=chunked)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 343, in _make_request
self._validate_conn(conn)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 839, in _validate_conn
conn.connect()
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 344, in connect
ssl_context=context)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 344, in ssl_wrap_socket
return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 412, in wrap_socket
session=session
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 853, in _create
self.do_handshake()
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 1117, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1051)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 449, in send
timeout=timeout
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 638, in urlopen
_stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 398, in increment
raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='translate.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1051)')))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\gtts\tts.py", line 189, in write_to_fp
part_tk = self.token.calculate_token(part)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\gtts_token\gtts_token.py", line 28, in calculate_token
seed = self._get_token_key()
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\gtts_token\gtts_token.py", line 55, in _get_token_key
response = requests.get("https://translate.google.com/")
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 75, in get
return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 60, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 533, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 646, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 514, in send
raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='translate.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1051)')))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#9>", line 1, in <module>
tts.write_to_fp(mp3_fp)
File "C:\Users\Raav\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\gtts\tts.py", line 194, in write_to_fp
str(e))
gtts.tts.gTTSError: Connection error during token calculation: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='translate.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1051)')))
我没有创建单独的程序，我只是在IDLE中分别输入了每一行。