我最近开始使用Rails，并且开始频繁出现诸如以下的错误
LoadError: cannot load such file -- capybara
但是水豚绝对在我的gemfile中，当我执行bundle list时，它肯定在那里。 thor和tilt以及其他一些情况已经发生了。
我的gemfile：
source 'https://rubygems.org'
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '~> 4.2'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
# gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0' (Commented out because of Loaderror --thin)
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby
# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc
group :development, :test do
gem 'byebug'
gem 'spring'
gem 'rspec-rails'
gem 'factory_bot_rails'
gem 'capybara'
gem 'capybara-rails' (Added because of LoadError capybara/rails)
gem 'database_cleaner'
end
这是怎么回事？
gemfile.lock
GEM
remote: https://rubygems.org/
specs:
actionmailer (4.2.11)
actionpack (= 4.2.11)
actionview (= 4.2.11)
activejob (= 4.2.11)
mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
actionpack (4.2.11)
actionview (= 4.2.11)
activesupport (= 4.2.11)
rack (~> 1.6)
rack-test (~> 0.6.2)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
actionview (4.2.11)
activesupport (= 4.2.11)
builder (~> 3.1)
erubis (~> 2.7.0)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.3)
activejob (4.2.11)
activesupport (= 4.2.11)
globalid (>= 0.3.0)
activemodel (4.2.11)
activesupport (= 4.2.11)
builder (~> 3.1)
activerecord (4.2.11)
activemodel (= 4.2.11)
activesupport (= 4.2.11)
arel (~> 6.0)
activesupport (4.2.11)
i18n (~> 0.7)
minitest (~> 5.1)
thread_safe (~> 0.3, >= 0.3.4)
tzinfo (~> 1.1)
addressable (2.5.2)
public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 4.0)
arel (6.0.4)
builder (3.2.3)
byebug (10.0.2)
capybara (3.12.0)
addressable
mini_mime (>= 0.1.3)
nokogiri (~> 1.8)
rack (>= 1.6.0)
rack-test (>= 0.6.3)
regexp_parser (~> 1.2)
xpath (~> 3.2)
capybara-console (0.0.4)
capybara
rails (>= 3.0)
capybara-rails (0.0.2)
capybara
capybara-console
database_cleaner
exception_notification
coffee-rails (4.1.1)
coffee-script (>= 2.2.0)
railties (>= 4.0.0, < 5.1.x)
coffee-script (2.4.1)
coffee-script-source
execjs
coffee-script-source (1.12.2)
concurrent-ruby (1.1.4)
crass (1.0.4)
database_cleaner (1.7.0)
diff-lcs (1.3)
erubis (2.7.0)
exception_notification (4.3.0)
actionmailer (>= 4.0, < 6)
activesupport (>= 4.0, < 6)
execjs (2.7.0)
factory_bot (4.11.1)
activesupport (>= 3.0.0)
factory_bot_rails (4.11.1)
factory_bot (~> 4.11.1)
railties (>= 3.0.0)
globalid (0.4.1)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
i18n (0.9.5)
concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
jbuilder (2.8.0)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
multi_json (>= 1.2)
jquery-rails (4.3.3)
rails-dom-testing (>= 1, < 3)
railties (>= 4.2.0)
thor (>= 0.14, < 2.0)
json (1.8.6)
loofah (2.2.3)
crass (~> 1.0.2)
nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
mail (2.7.1)
mini_mime (>= 0.1.1)
mini_mime (1.0.1)
mini_portile2 (2.3.0)
minitest (5.11.3)
multi_json (1.13.1)
nokogiri (1.8.5)
mini_portile2 (~> 2.3.0)
public_suffix (3.0.3)
rack (1.6.11)
rack-test (0.6.3)
rack (>= 1.0)
rails (4.2.11)
actionmailer (= 4.2.11)
actionpack (= 4.2.11)
actionview (= 4.2.11)
activejob (= 4.2.11)
activemodel (= 4.2.11)
activerecord (= 4.2.11)
activesupport (= 4.2.11)
bundler (>= 1.3.0, < 2.0)
railties (= 4.2.11)
sprockets-rails
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (1.0.3)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0.alpha)
rails-dom-testing (1.0.9)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0, < 5.0)
nokogiri (~> 1.6)
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (>= 1.0.1)
rails-html-sanitizer (1.0.4)
loofah (~> 2.2, >= 2.2.2)
railties (4.2.11)
actionpack (= 4.2.11)
activesupport (= 4.2.11)
rake (>= 0.8.7)
thor (>= 0.18.1, < 2.0)
rake (12.3.2)
rdoc (4.3.0)
regexp_parser (1.3.0)
rspec-core (3.8.0)
rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
rspec-expectations (3.8.2)
diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
rspec-mocks (3.8.0)
diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
rspec-rails (3.8.1)
actionpack (>= 3.0)
activesupport (>= 3.0)
railties (>= 3.0)
rspec-core (~> 3.8.0)
rspec-expectations (~> 3.8.0)
rspec-mocks (~> 3.8.0)
rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
rspec-support (3.8.0)
sdoc (0.4.2)
json (~> 1.7, >= 1.7.7)
rdoc (~> 4.0)
spring (2.0.2)
activesupport (>= 4.2)
sprockets (3.7.2)
concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
rack (> 1, < 3)
sprockets-rails (3.2.1)
actionpack (>= 4.0)
activesupport (>= 4.0)
sprockets (>= 3.0.0)
sqlite3 (1.3.13)
thor (0.20.3)
thread_safe (0.3.6)
turbolinks (5.2.0)
turbolinks-source (~> 5.2)
turbolinks-source (5.2.0)
tzinfo (1.2.5)
thread_safe (~> 0.1)
uglifier (4.1.20)
execjs (>= 0.3.0, < 3)
xpath (3.2.0)
nokogiri (~> 1.8)
PLATFORMS
ruby
DEPENDENCIES
byebug
capybara
capybara-rails
coffee-rails (~> 4.1.0)
database_cleaner
factory_bot_rails
jbuilder (~> 2.0)
jquery-rails
rails (~> 4.2)
rspec-rails
sdoc (~> 0.4.0)
spring
sqlite3
turbolinks
uglifier (>= 1.3.0)
BUNDLED WITH
1.17.1
答案 0 :(得分：0)
您必须在spec/rails_helper.rb中要求它：
# spec/rails_helper.rb
require 'spec_helper'
ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path('../config/environment', __dir__)
abort('The Rails environment is running in production mode!') if Rails.env.production?
require 'rspec/rails'
# Add additional requires below this line. Rails is not loaded until this point!
require 'capybara/rails'
这在capybara README中有突出说明：
如果您要测试的应用程序是Rails应用程序，请将此行添加到您的测试帮助文件中：
require 'capybara/rails'
仅供参考，说“ 我开始经常出错” 。您应该explain in detail the exact circumstances under which the error occurs。仅仅说您得到错误不足以重现该问题。我假设仅在基于gembara的gem使用rspec时才会出现此问题。