在共享开发环境中使用Django，Gunicorn和Ngnix提供静态内容

时间：2018-12-14 13:13:29

标签： django nginx gunicorn

在SO上，我已经看到许多关于此问题的好答案，但是我要么不理解它们，要么它们不适用于我的特定情况。我看过这里：Serving static files with Nginx + Gunicorn + Django和其他许多人。我在这些答案中遵循了建议，但仍然没有可行的解决方案。我希望如果我能确切解释自己在做什么，那么也许有人会告诉我我哪里出了问题。

我在与其他几个团队共享的环境中进行开发，我们共享一个ngnix服务器。我在此共享服务器sre-dev.example.com上有一个Django项目。 Django项目的路径为/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman。

在我的settings.py中，我设置了以下值：

STATIC_ROOT = '/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'corsheaders',
    'rest_framework',
    'rest_framework.authtoken',
    ...
    'django_db_logger',
    'rest_framework_swagger'
]

我创建了一个/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录和符号链接

ln -s /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf caasa-dev.example.com

我还在DNS中为caasa-dev.example.com创建了别名（CNAME）sre-dev。并在其中添加了一个nginx.conf文件/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf，其内容为：

server {
    listen 10001;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }
}

我已经执行了... 

python manage.py collectstatic

...现在几次，文件在那里：

$ pwd
/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static
$ ls
admin  rest_framework  rest_framework_swagger

我已经重新启动了nginx和gunicron。我的gunicorn服务器具有系统配置，因此我可以执行以下操作：

systemctl restart gnuicorn-capman.service

如果我做systemctl -l status gnuicorn-capman.service，则会得到以下输出：

# systemctl -l status gnuicorn-capman.service
● gnuicorn-capman.service - capman gnuicron service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gnuicorn-capman.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 12:42:40 GMT; 17min ago
  Process: 14949 ExecStopPost=/bin/rm -rf /run/gnuicorn-capman (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14946 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14955 ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R sreuser:example /run/gnuicorn-capman /apps/capman/capman_port10001 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14953 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir /run/gnuicorn-capman (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14960 (gunicorn)
   CGroup: /system.slice/gnuicorn-capman.service
           ├─14960 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14966 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14968 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14970 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           └─14971 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600

但是，当我尝试访问caasa-dev.example.com:10001/admin/login/?next=/admin/时，仍然无法获得静态内容：

no static

我也收到这样的消息... 

... "GET /static/admin/css/base.css HTTP/1.1" 404 2793 "http://caasa-dev.example.com:10001/admin/login/?next=/admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X

...在我的access.log中。

那我遗漏了什么？我究竟做错了什么？

更新：如果我转到caasa-dev.example.com:10001/static/，则显示标准的Django 404错误页面。

更新2：

由于某些原因，我的日志文件为空：

[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# systemctl -l status nginx
● nginx.service - The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 12:42:37 GMT; 56min ago
  Process: 14926 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14932 ExecStart=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14930 ExecStartPre=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14934 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─14934 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/ngin
           └─14935 nginx: worker process

Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev systemd[1]: Starting The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev nginx[14930]: nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev nginx[14930]: nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev systemd[1]: Started The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server.
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root     14934     1  0 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody   14935 14934  0 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     26500  3799  0 13:40 pts/8    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# grep log /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ls -l /var/log/nginx/error.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 nginx root 0 Jun  1  2018 /var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ls -l /var/log/nginx/access.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 nginx nginx 0 Jun  7  2018 /var/log/nginx/access.log

更新3：

感谢伊万，但我的/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf应该是：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10001;
    }
}

或

server {
    listen 10001;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:80;
    }
}

更新4：

我刚刚发现我的/etc/nginx/nginx.conf不包含启用站点的目录：

[root@sre-dev nginx]# grep -r include *
nginx.conf:include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
nginx.conf:    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
nginx.conf:    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
nginx.conf:    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf:        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf:#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf.default:    include       mime.types;
nginx.conf.default:        #    include        fastcgi_params;

我应该添加行... 

include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*.conf

...到我的/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，如果可以的话，在该文件中的什么位置？

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001

nginx：listen 10001;

我猜nginx甚至都没有启动（请参阅相等的端口？）。所有请求均由Django处理。更改端口。

如果这是完整的Nginx配置，则缺少proxy_pass block来将请求转发到Django

答案 1 :(得分：1)

问题是您正在使用gunicorn服务Django，但是nginx没有在该端口上侦听，因此反向代理ith到您的域名。使用此nginx配置：

server {
listen 80;
server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

location /static {
    alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static;
}

location / {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10001;
}
}

在此配置中，nginx与充当反向代理，并将所有流量路由到您域的端口80，再到由gunicorn处理的内部网络127.0.0.1:10001。

注意，您在地址0.0.0.0上使用了gunicorn。我不建议这样做。将其更改为127.0.0.1或使用Linux .sock文件进行更好的配置。

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