我正在关注本教程：
http://v1k45.com/blog/modern-django-part-1-setting-up-django-and-react/
本教程介绍了如何使用webpack设置Django / React应用。
一切都可以在我的开发机器上正常运行，但是远程服务器（Ubuntu 16.04.4）上的静态文件存在问题。
这些是我的问题：
1）为什么我的开发版本在localhost中寻找静态文件？
2）如果我使用Nginx / Passenger提供生产版本，则即使链接看起来正确，静态文件也不会加载到浏览器中。为什么会这样？
编辑：我想我已经找到了设置“乘客”的答案。即使wsgi.py加载了应用程序，您仍然需要告诉Nginx静态文件在哪里。我正在使用的/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ponynote.conf：
server {
listen 80;
server_name 178.62.85.245;
passenger_python /var/www/ponynotetest/venv36/bin/python3.6;
# Tell Nginx and Passenger where your app's 'public' directory is
root /var/www/ponynotetest/ponynote/ponynote;
location /static/ {
autoindex on;
alias /var/www/ponynotetest/ponynote/assets/;
}
# Turn on Passenger
passenger_enabled on;
}
3）我需要为生产配置STATIC_ROOT并运行collectstatic吗？
非常感谢您的帮助！
这里是更多信息和代码：
为了确保没有输入错误，我克隆了源代码，切换到分支“ part-1”，并按照自述文件中的所有说明进行操作。
我在settings.py ALLOWED_HOSTS中添加了“ xx.xx.xx.xx”，其中xx.xx.xx.xx是我服务器的IP地址。
我在frontend / package.json中添加了“ proxy”：“ http://localhost:8000”。
1）开发版本
我正在使用以下资源运行开发服务器：
./ manage.py运行服务器xx.xx.xx.xx：8000
在通过前端文件夹中的“ npm run start”启动webpack服务器之前，我还运行过“ npm run build”。
问题：当我在浏览器中导航到xx.xx.xx.xx：8000时，看到一个空白页。这是HTML：
<html><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<title>Ponynote</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://localhost:3000/static/js/bundle.js"></script>
</body></html>
在我看来，好像页面正在尝试在localhost上查找bundle.js一样-我认为它应该在服务器上的相对路径上查找。我想这就是为什么如果我在本地计算机上而不是服务器上运行代码，代码可以工作的原因。
我找不到Django或Webpack中指定位置为localhost的内容。我是否缺少设置，还是由于某种原因无法实现？
2）Nginx /乘客
我已经按照说明安装了Nginx和Passenger：
在xx.xx.xx.xx处，浏览器正在显示看起来像正确的html的内容，但未加载文件。请参见下面由Nginx提供的html。请注意，静态链接显示正确的相对URL，与在生产模式下运行Django服务器时完全相同，但端口8000除外，但文件本身未加载。
/var/log/nginx/error.log没有显示任何错误。
<html><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<title>Ponynote</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/bundles/js/main.a416835a.js"></script>
<link type="text/css" href="/static/bundles/css/main.c17080f1.css" rel="stylesheet">
</body></html>
3）在生产模式下运行的Django服务器
如果我以以下方式在生产模式下运行Django服务器：
./ manage.py runserver --settings = ponynote.production_settings 178.62.85.245:8000
即使我没有运行collectstatic，该页面在浏览器中的xx.xx.xx.xx：8000上也看起来不错。本教程说要运行collectstatic，但如果尝试运行则会显示错误：“您正在使用staticfiles应用程序，而未将STATIC_ROOT设置设置为文件系统路径”。我不知道是否需要在production_settings.py中设置STATIC_ROOT，或者是否不需要运行collectstatic？
这是我的设置文件：
ponynote / templates / index.html
{% load render_bundle from webpack_loader %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title>Ponynote</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
</div>
{% render_bundle 'main' %}
</body>
</html>
ponynote / settings.py
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '=e%s=1kdk1_+yur9cmpkw8r-z5gd(owqpxbyl+6^)*10-a3c4v'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['xx.xx.xx.xx']
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'webpack_loader',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'ponynote.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates"), ],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'ponynote.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
WEBPACK_LOADER = {
'DEFAULT': {
'BUNDLE_DIR_NAME': 'bundles/',
'STATS_FILE': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'webpack-stats.dev.json'),
}
}
frontend / package.json
{
"name": "frontend",
"version": "0.1.0",
"private": true,
"dependencies": {
"autoprefixer": "7.1.2",
"babel-core": "6.25.0",
"babel-eslint": "7.2.3",
"babel-jest": "20.0.3",
"babel-loader": "7.1.1",
"babel-preset-react-app": "^3.0.3",
"babel-runtime": "6.26.0",
"case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin": "2.1.1",
"chalk": "1.1.3",
"css-loader": "0.28.4",
"dotenv": "4.0.0",
"eslint": "4.4.1",
"eslint-config-react-app": "^2.0.1",
"eslint-loader": "1.9.0",
"eslint-plugin-flowtype": "2.35.0",
"eslint-plugin-import": "2.7.0",
"eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "5.1.1",
"eslint-plugin-react": "7.1.0",
"extract-text-webpack-plugin": "3.0.0",
"file-loader": "0.11.2",
"fs-extra": "3.0.1",
"html-webpack-plugin": "2.29.0",
"jest": "20.0.4",
"object-assign": "4.1.1",
"postcss-flexbugs-fixes": "3.2.0",
"postcss-loader": "2.0.6",
"promise": "8.0.1",
"react": "^16.0.0",
"react-dev-utils": "^4.1.0",
"react-dom": "^16.0.0",
"style-loader": "0.18.2",
"sw-precache-webpack-plugin": "0.11.4",
"url-loader": "0.5.9",
"webpack": "3.5.1",
"webpack-dev-server": "2.8.2",
"webpack-manifest-plugin": "1.2.1",
"whatwg-fetch": "2.0.3"
},
"scripts": {
"start": "node scripts/start.js",
"build": "node scripts/build.js",
"test": "node scripts/test.js --env=jsdom"
},
"jest": {
"collectCoverageFrom": [
"src/**/*.{js,jsx}"
],
"setupFiles": [
"<rootDir>/config/polyfills.js"
],
"testMatch": [
"<rootDir>/src/**/__tests__/**/*.js?(x)",
"<rootDir>/src/**/?(*.)(spec|test).js?(x)"
],
"testEnvironment": "node",
"testURL": "http://localhost",
"transform": {
"^.+\\.(js|jsx)$": "<rootDir>/node_modules/babel-jest",
"^.+\\.css$": "<rootDir>/config/jest/cssTransform.js",
"^(?!.*\\.(js|jsx|css|json)$)": "<rootDir>/config/jest/fileTransform.js"
},
"transformIgnorePatterns": [
"[/\\\\]node_modules[/\\\\].+\\.(js|jsx)$"
],
"moduleNameMapper": {
"^react-native$": "react-native-web"
},
"moduleFileExtensions": [
"web.js",
"js",
"json",
"web.jsx",
"jsx",
"node"
]
},
"babel": {
"presets": [
"react-app"
]
},
"eslintConfig": {
"extends": "react-app"
},
"proxy": "http://localhost:8000",
"devDependencies": {
"webpack-bundle-tracker": "^0.2.0"
}
}
frontend / config / webpack.config.dev.js
'use strict';
const autoprefixer = require('autoprefixer');
const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const CaseSensitivePathsPlugin = require('case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin');
const InterpolateHtmlPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/InterpolateHtmlPlugin');
const WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin');
const eslintFormatter = require('react-dev-utils/eslintFormatter');
const ModuleScopePlugin = require('react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin');
const getClientEnvironment = require('./env');
const paths = require('./paths');
const BundleTracker = require('webpack-bundle-tracker');
// Webpack uses `publicPath` to determine where the app is being served from.
// In development, we always serve from the root. This makes config easier.
const publicPath = 'http://localhost:3000/';
// `publicUrl` is just like `publicPath`, but we will provide it to our app
// as %PUBLIC_URL% in `index.html` and `process.env.PUBLIC_URL` in JavaScript.
// Omit trailing slash as %PUBLIC_PATH%/xyz looks better than %PUBLIC_PATH%xyz.
const publicUrl = 'http://localhost:3000/';
// Get environment variables to inject into our app.
const env = getClientEnvironment(publicUrl);
// This is the development configuration.
// It is focused on developer experience and fast rebuilds.
// The production configuration is different and lives in a separate file.
module.exports = {
// You may want 'eval' instead if you prefer to see the compiled output in DevTools.
// See the discussion in https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/343.
devtool: 'cheap-module-source-map',
// These are the "entry points" to our application.
// This means they will be the "root" imports that are included in JS bundle.
// The first two entry points enable "hot" CSS and auto-refreshes for JS.
entry: [
// We ship a few polyfills by default:
require.resolve('./polyfills'),
// Include an alternative client for WebpackDevServer. A client's job is to
// connect to WebpackDevServer by a socket and get notified about changes.
// When you save a file, the client will either apply hot updates (in case
// of CSS changes), or refresh the page (in case of JS changes). When you
// make a syntax error, this client will display a syntax error overlay.
// Note: instead of the default WebpackDevServer client, we use a custom one
// to bring better experience for Create React App users. You can replace
// the line below with these two lines if you prefer the stock client:
require.resolve('webpack-dev-server/client') + '?http://localhost:3000',
require.resolve('webpack/hot/dev-server'),
// require.resolve('react-dev-utils/webpackHotDevClient'),
// Finally, this is your app's code:
paths.appIndexJs,
// We include the app code last so that if there is a runtime error during
// initialization, it doesn't blow up the WebpackDevServer client, and
// changing JS code would still trigger a refresh.
],
output: {
// Next line is not used in dev but WebpackDevServer crashes without it:
path: paths.appBuild,
// Add /* filename */ comments to generated require()s in the output.
pathinfo: true,
// This does not produce a real file. It's just the virtual path that is
// served by WebpackDevServer in development. This is the JS bundle
// containing code from all our entry points, and the Webpack runtime.
filename: 'static/js/bundle.js',
// There are also additional JS chunk files if you use code splitting.
chunkFilename: 'static/js/[name].chunk.js',
// This is the URL that app is served from. We use "/" in development.
publicPath: publicPath,
// Point sourcemap entries to original disk location (format as URL on Windows)
devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate: info =>
path.resolve(info.absoluteResourcePath).replace(/\\/g, '/'),
},
resolve: {
// This allows you to set a fallback for where Webpack should look for modules.
// We placed these paths second because we want `node_modules` to "win"
// if there are any conflicts. This matches Node resolution mechanism.
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/253
modules: ['node_modules', paths.appNodeModules].concat(
// It is guaranteed to exist because we tweak it in `env.js`
process.env.NODE_PATH.split(path.delimiter).filter(Boolean)
),
// These are the reasonable defaults supported by the Node ecosystem.
// We also include JSX as a common component filename extension to support
// some tools, although we do not recommend using it, see:
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/290
// `web` extension prefixes have been added for better support
// for React Native Web.
extensions: ['.web.js', '.js', '.json', '.web.jsx', '.jsx'],
alias: {
// Support React Native Web
// https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/08/a-glimpse-into-the-future-with-react-native-for-web/
'react-native': 'react-native-web',
},
plugins: [
// Prevents users from importing files from outside of src/ (or node_modules/).
// This often causes confusion because we only process files within src/ with babel.
// To fix this, we prevent you from importing files out of src/ -- if you'd like to,
// please link the files into your node_modules/ and let module-resolution kick in.
// Make sure your source files are compiled, as they will not be processed in any way.
new ModuleScopePlugin(paths.appSrc, [paths.appPackageJson]),
],
},
module: {
strictExportPresence: true,
rules: [
// TODO: Disable require.ensure as it's not a standard language feature.
// We are waiting for https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/2176.
// { parser: { requireEnsure: false } },
// First, run the linter.
// It's important to do this before Babel processes the JS.
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
enforce: 'pre',
use: [
{
options: {
formatter: eslintFormatter,
eslintPath: require.resolve('eslint'),
},
loader: require.resolve('eslint-loader'),
},
],
include: paths.appSrc,
},
{
// "oneOf" will traverse all following loaders until one will
// match the requirements. When no loader matches it will fall
// back to the "file" loader at the end of the loader list.
oneOf: [
// "url" loader works like "file" loader except that it embeds assets
// smaller than specified limit in bytes as data URLs to avoid requests.
// A missing `test` is equivalent to a match.
{
test: [/\.bmp$/, /\.gif$/, /\.jpe?g$/, /\.png$/],
loader: require.resolve('url-loader'),
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: 'static/media/[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
},
},
// Process JS with Babel.
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
include: paths.appSrc,
loader: require.resolve('babel-loader'),
options: {
// This is a feature of `babel-loader` for webpack (not Babel itself).
// It enables caching results in ./node_modules/.cache/babel-loader/
// directory for faster rebuilds.
cacheDirectory: true,
},
},
// "postcss" loader applies autoprefixer to our CSS.
// "css" loader resolves paths in CSS and adds assets as dependencies.
// "style" loader turns CSS into JS modules that inject <style> tags.
// In production, we use a plugin to extract that CSS to a file, but
// in development "style" loader enables hot editing of CSS.
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
require.resolve('style-loader'),
{
loader: require.resolve('css-loader'),
options: {
importLoaders: 1,
},
},
{
loader: require.resolve('postcss-loader'),
options: {
// Necessary for external CSS imports to work
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/2677
ident: 'postcss',
plugins: () => [
require('postcss-flexbugs-fixes'),
autoprefixer({
browsers: [
'>1%',
'last 4 versions',
'Firefox ESR',
'not ie < 9', // React doesn't support IE8 anyway
],
flexbox: 'no-2009',
}),
],
},
},
],
},
// "file" loader makes sure those assets get served by WebpackDevServer.
// When you `import` an asset, you get its (virtual) filename.
// In production, they would get copied to the `build` folder.
// This loader doesn't use a "test" so it will catch all modules
// that fall through the other loaders.
{
// Exclude `js` files to keep "css" loader working as it injects
// it's runtime that would otherwise processed through "file" loader.
// Also exclude `html` and `json` extensions so they get processed
// by webpacks internal loaders.
exclude: [/\.js$/, /\.html$/, /\.json$/],
loader: require.resolve('file-loader'),
options: {
name: 'static/media/[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
},
},
],
},
// ** STOP ** Are you adding a new loader?
// Make sure to add the new loader(s) before the "file" loader.
],
},
plugins: [
// Makes some environment variables available in index.html.
// The public URL is available as %PUBLIC_URL% in index.html, e.g.:
// <link rel="shortcut icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico">
// In development, this will be an empty string.
new InterpolateHtmlPlugin(env.raw),
// Generates an `index.html` file with the <script> injected.
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
inject: true,
template: paths.appHtml,
}),
// Add module names to factory functions so they appear in browser profiler.
new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
// Makes some environment variables available to the JS code, for example:
// if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') { ... }. See `./env.js`.
new webpack.DefinePlugin(env.stringified),
// This is necessary to emit hot updates (currently CSS only):
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
// Watcher doesn't work well if you mistype casing in a path so we use
// a plugin that prints an error when you attempt to do this.
// See https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/240
new CaseSensitivePathsPlugin(),
// If you require a missing module and then `npm install` it, you still have
// to restart the development server for Webpack to discover it. This plugin
// makes the discovery automatic so you don't have to restart.
// See https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/186
new WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin(paths.appNodeModules),
// Moment.js is an extremely popular library that bundles large locale files
// by default due to how Webpack interprets its code. This is a practical
// solution that requires the user to opt into importing specific locales.
// https://github.com/jmblog/how-to-optimize-momentjs-with-webpack
// You can remove this if you don't use Moment.js:
new webpack.IgnorePlugin(/^\.\/locale$/, /moment$/),
new BundleTracker({path: paths.statsRoot, filename: 'webpack-stats.dev.json'}),
],
// Some libraries import Node modules but don't use them in the browser.
// Tell Webpack to provide empty mocks for them so importing them works.
node: {
dgram: 'empty',
fs: 'empty',
net: 'empty',
tls: 'empty',
child_process: 'empty',
},
// Turn off performance hints during development because we don't do any
// splitting or minification in interest of speed. These warnings become
// cumbersome.
performance: {
hints: false,
},
};
Nginx /乘客配置：
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ponynote.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name xx.xx.xx.xx;
passenger_python /var/www/ponynote/venv36/bin/python3.6;
# Tell Nginx and Passenger where your app's 'public' directory is
root /var/www/ponynote/ponynote/ponynote;
# Turn on Passenger
passenger_enabled on;
}
passenger_wsgi.py
import ponynote.wsgi
application = ponynote.wsgi.application
ponynote / wsgi.py
import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "ponynote.production_settings")
application = get_wsgi_application()
ponynote / production_settings.py
from .settings import *
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "assets"),
]
WEBPACK_LOADER = {
'DEFAULT': {
'BUNDLE_DIR_NAME': 'bundles/',
'STATS_FILE': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'webpack-stats.prod.json'),
}
}
答案 0 :(得分：1)
如果脚本未加载，并且在浏览器中访问脚本的URL时看到了主页的HTML，则意味着链接错误或Nginx无法提供文件。 （由于URL上没有文件，因此Nginx会为您提供主页。）我最初没有意识到的是，尽管默认情况下Nginx服务于Django应用程序，但它不服务于任何非静态文件在“公共”文件夹中，因此不会提供构建输出。
自编写本教程以来，似乎create-react-app也已更改；您似乎不需要立即进行任何Webpack配置。
最后，您需要将前端构建输出放在Django应用会找到它的位置。
一个较新的教程将我带到了一种在生产服务器上运行的方法： https://medium.com/alpha-coder/heres-a-dead-simple-react-django-setup-for-your-next-project-c0b0036663c6。我选择将前端保存在其自己的文件夹中，并且我使用的是Nginx / Passenger，所以做了一些更改。
这是我的设置方式。
1）设置Django项目后，在项目根文件夹中使用以下命令创建一个React应用：
create-react-app frontend
2）告诉Django项目在哪里寻找React构建输出： 在djangoproject / settings.py中：
TEMPLATES = [
{
...
'DIRS': [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'assets')
],
...
}
]
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'assets/static'),
]
在djangoproject / urls.py中：
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# path('api/', include('mynewapp.urls')),
re_path('.*', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html')),
]
在frontend / src / index.js的末尾添加此代码以启用热重载：
if (module.hot) {
module.hot.accept();
}
3）在项目根目录中创建一个bash脚本以构建React页面并将其移动到项目根目录中的资产文件夹中：
buildapp.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
npm run build --prefix frontend
rm -rf ./assets
mv ./frontend/build ./assets
运行此脚本。
4）告诉nginx在哪里可以找到构建输出以及Python的正确版本（假设您使用的是虚拟环境）。我正在使用Passenger部署应用程序，因此此代码位于sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/myapp.conf
中passenger_python /var/www/myapp/venv36/bin/python3.6;
# Tell Nginx where your app's 'public' directory is
root /var/www/myapp/myapp/myapp;
# Tell Nginx the location of the build output files
location /static/ {
autoindex on;
root /var/www/myapp/myapp/assets;
}
我还没有运行collectstatic，一切看起来都很好。我猜您只需要为您将来可能添加的任何其他资源使用collectstatic。