为什么Java 11中的String.strip()比空白字符串的String.trim()快5倍

时间:2018-12-05 20:25:06

标签: java string performance microbenchmark java-11

我遇到了一个有趣的场景。由于某些原因,strip()对空白字符串(仅包含空格)的速度明显快于Java 11中的trim()

基准

public class Test {

    public static final String TEST_STRING = "   "; // 3 whitespaces

    @Benchmark
    @Warmup(iterations = 10, time = 200, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
    @Measurement(iterations = 20, time = 500, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput)
    public void testTrim() {
        TEST_STRING.trim();
    }

    @Benchmark
    @Warmup(iterations = 10, time = 200, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
    @Measurement(iterations = 20, time = 500, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput)
    public void testStrip() {
        TEST_STRING.strip();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        org.openjdk.jmh.Main.main(args);
    }
}

结果

# Run complete. Total time: 00:04:16

Benchmark        Mode  Cnt           Score          Error  Units
Test.testStrip  thrpt  200  2067457963.295 ± 12353310.918  ops/s
Test.testTrim   thrpt  200   402307182.894 ±  4559641.554  ops/s

显然strip()胜过trim()约5倍。

尽管对于非空白字符串,结果几乎相同:

public class Test {

    public static final String TEST_STRING = " Test String ";

    @Benchmark
    @Warmup(iterations = 10, time = 200, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
    @Measurement(iterations = 20, time = 500, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput)
    public void testTrim() {
        TEST_STRING.trim();
    }

    @Benchmark
    @Warmup(iterations = 10, time = 200, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
    @Measurement(iterations = 20, time = 500, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
    @BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput)
    public void testStrip() {
        TEST_STRING.strip();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        org.openjdk.jmh.Main.main(args);
    }
}


# Run complete. Total time: 00:04:16

Benchmark        Mode  Cnt          Score         Error  Units
Test.testStrip  thrpt  200  126939018.461 ± 1462665.695  ops/s
Test.testTrim   thrpt  200  141868439.680 ± 1243136.707  ops/s

为什么?这是错误还是我做错了?


测试环境

  • CPU-Intel Xeon E3-1585L v5 @ 3.00 GHz
  • 操作系统-Windows 7 SP 1 64位
  • JVM-Oracle JDK 11.0.1
  • Benchamrk-JMH v 1.19

更新

为不同的字符串(空,空白等)添加了更多性能测试。

基准

@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = SECONDS)
@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = SECONDS)
@Fork(value = 3)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput)
public class Test {

    private static final String BLANK = "";              // Blank
    private static final String EMPTY = "   ";           // 3 spaces
    private static final String ASCII = "   abc    ";    // ASCII characters only
    private static final String UNICODE = "   абв    ";  // Russian Characters

    private static final String BIG = EMPTY.concat("Test".repeat(100)).concat(EMPTY);

    @Benchmark
    public void blankTrim() {
        BLANK.trim();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void blankStrip() {
        BLANK.strip();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void emptyTrim() {
        EMPTY.trim();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void emptyStrip() {
        EMPTY.strip();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void asciiTrim() {
        ASCII.trim();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void asciiStrip() {
        ASCII.strip();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void unicodeTrim() {
        UNICODE.trim();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void unicodeStrip() {
        UNICODE.strip();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void bigTrim() {
        BIG.trim();
    }

    @Benchmark
    public void bigStrip() {
        BIG.strip();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        org.openjdk.jmh.Main.main(args);
    }
}

结果

# Run complete. Total time: 00:05:23

Benchmark           Mode  Cnt           Score          Error  Units
Test.asciiStrip    thrpt   15   356846913.133 ±  4096617.178  ops/s
Test.asciiTrim     thrpt   15   371319467.629 ±  4396583.099  ops/s
Test.bigStrip      thrpt   15    29058105.304 ±  1909323.104  ops/s
Test.bigTrim       thrpt   15    28529199.298 ±  1794655.012  ops/s
Test.blankStrip    thrpt   15  1556405453.206 ± 67230630.036  ops/s
Test.blankTrim     thrpt   15  1587932109.069 ± 19457780.528  ops/s
Test.emptyStrip    thrpt   15  2126290275.733 ± 23402906.719  ops/s
Test.emptyTrim     thrpt   15   406354680.805 ± 14359067.902  ops/s
Test.unicodeStrip  thrpt   15    37320438.099 ±   399421.799  ops/s
Test.unicodeTrim   thrpt   15    88226653.577 ±  1628179.578  ops/s

测试环境相同。

只有一个有趣的发现。包含Unicode字符的字符串比trim()的{​​{1}}版本更快

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:13)

在OpenJDK 11.0.1 context.RewritePath(path, string.Empty, queryPart); (实际上是String.strip())上,它通过返回一个内插的StringLatin1.strip()常量来优化剥离为空的String

String

public static String strip(byte[] value) { int left = indexOfNonWhitespace(value); if (left == value.length) { return ""; } (实际上是String.trim())总是分配一个新的StringLatin1.trim()对象。在您的示例Stringst = 3

len = 3

将在后台复制该数组并创建一个新的return ((st > 0) || (len < value.length)) ? newString(value, st, len - st) : null; 对象

String

基于上述假设,我们可以更新基准以与非空return new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(val, index, index + len), LATIN1); 进行比较,该非空String不受上述String.strip()优化的影响:

@Warmup(iterations = 10, time = 200, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
@Measurement(iterations = 20, time = 500, timeUnit = MILLISECONDS)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput)
public class MyBenchmark {

  public static final String EMPTY_STRING = "   "; // 3 whitespaces
  public static final String NOT_EMPTY_STRING = "  a "; // 3 whitespaces with a in the middle

  @Benchmark
  public void testEmptyTrim() {
    EMPTY_STRING.trim();
  }

  @Benchmark
  public void testEmptyStrip() {
    EMPTY_STRING.strip();
  }

  @Benchmark
  public void testNotEmptyTrim() {
    NOT_EMPTY_STRING.trim();
  }

  @Benchmark
  public void testNotEmptyStrip() {
    NOT_EMPTY_STRING.strip();
  }

}

运行它显示strip()trim()在非空String之间没有显着差异。奇怪的是,修剪到空的String仍然是最慢的:

Benchmark                       Mode  Cnt           Score           Error  Units
MyBenchmark.testEmptyStrip     thrpt  100  1887848947.416 ± 257906287.634  ops/s
MyBenchmark.testEmptyTrim      thrpt  100   206638996.217 ±  57952310.906  ops/s
MyBenchmark.testNotEmptyStrip  thrpt  100   399701777.916 ±   2429785.818  ops/s
MyBenchmark.testNotEmptyTrim   thrpt  100   385144724.856 ±   3928016.232  ops/s

答案 1 :(得分:7)

在研究了OpenJDK的源代码之后,假设Oracle版本的实现是相似的,我可以想象到差异是由以下事实解释的:

  • strip将尝试查找第一个非空白字符,如果找不到,则只需返回""
  • trim将始终返回new String(...the substring...)

有人可能会说striptrim稍有优化,至少在OpenJDK中如此,因为除非有必要,否则它会避免创建新对象。

(注意:我没有麻烦检查这些方法的unicode版本。)

答案 2 :(得分:0)

是的。在Java 11或更早的版本中,似乎.trim()总是创建一个新的String(),而strip()返回一个缓存String。您可以测试此简单代码并自己进行验证。

public class JavaClass{
  public static void main(String[] args){
      //prints false
      System.out.println("     ".trim()=="");//CREATING A NEW STRING()
  }
}

vs

public class JavaClass{
  public static void main(String[] args){
      //prints true
      System.out.println("     ".strip()=="");//RETURNING CACHE ""
  }
}