如何正确设置Nginx以获得最小的TTFB延迟?

时间:2018-12-03 19:44:25

标签: performance nginx ruby-on-rails-5 puma time-to-first-byte

我有一个在生产环境中的Nginx和Puma上运行的Rails应用程序。

网页加载出现问题(TTBF延迟),我正在尝试找出原因。

在production.log的后端,我看到我的网页在 134ms 中显示得足够快:

Completed 200 OK in 134ms (Views: 49.9ms | ActiveRecord: 29.3ms)

但是在浏览器中,我看到TTFB是 311.49ms

enter image description here

我了解设置可能存在问题,或者进程数可能不是最佳的,但找不到〜177ms延迟的原因。请提供一些建议。

我的VPS属性和配置在下面列出。

环境

  • Nginx 1.10.3
  • 彪马3.12.0(rails 5.2)
  • PostgreSQL
  • Sidekiq
  • ElasticSearch

VPS属性

  • Ubuntu 16.04(64位)
  • 8核(2.4 GHz)
  • 16gb的RAM。
  • 网络带宽:1000 Mbps

nginx.conf

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
  worker_connections 8096;
  multi_accept on;
  use epoll;
}

http {

  # Basic Settings
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
  types_hash_max_size 2048;

  include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;

  # Logging Settings
  access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
  error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

  # Gzip Settings
  gzip on;
  gzip_disable "msie6";
  gzip_vary on;
  gzip_proxied any;
  gzip_comp_level 6;
  gzip_buffers 16 8k;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

  include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
  include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

web_app.conf

upstream puma {
  server unix:///home/deploy/apps/web_app/shared/tmp/sockets/web_app-puma.sock fail_timeout=0;
}

log_format timings '$remote_addr - $time_local '
                   '"$request" $status '
                   '$request_time $upstream_response_time';

server {
  server_name web_app.com;

  # SSL configuration
  ssl on;
  listen 443 ssl http2;
  listen [::]:443 ssl http2;

  ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  ssl_buffer_size 4k;

  ssl_certificate  /etc/ssl/certs/cert.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/key.pem;

  root /home/deploy/apps/web_app/shared/public;

  access_log /home/deploy/apps/web_app/current/log/nginx.access.log;
  error_log /home/deploy/apps/web_app/current/log/nginx.error.log info;
  access_log /home/deploy/apps/web_app/current/log/timings.log timings;

  location ^~ /assets/ {
    #gzip_static on;
    expires max;
    add_header Cache-Control public;
    add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
    access_log off;
  }

  try_files $uri/index.html $uri @puma;
  location @puma {
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_request_buffering off;
    proxy_pass http://puma;
  }

  error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;

  client_body_buffer_size 8K;
  client_max_body_size 10M;
  client_header_buffer_size 1k;
  large_client_header_buffers 2 16k;
  client_body_timeout 10s;
  keepalive_timeout 10;

  add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains";
}

puma.rb

threads 1, 6

port 3000

environment 'production'

workers 8

preload_app!

before_fork    { ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.disconnect! if defined?(ActiveRecord) }
on_worker_boot { ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection        if defined?(ActiveRecord) }

plugin :tmp_restart

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

检查后端的真实响应时间

后端可能声称它在130毫秒内进行应答/渲染,但这并不意味着它实际上正在这样做。您可以这样定义日志格式:

log_format timings '$remote_addr - $time_local '
    '"$request" $status '
    '$request_time $upstream_response_time';

并应用:

access_log /var/log/nginx/timings.log timings;

这将告诉后端实际需要多长时间。

其他可能的调试方式

  • 检查您与服务器之间的原始延迟时间(例如,使用ping或从服务器本身查询)
  • 检查提供静态内容以达到基线的速度

使用缓存

在您的位置块中添加类似的内容:

proxy_cache_path /path/to/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m max_size=10g 
             inactive=60m use_temp_path=off;
proxy_cache my_cache;

如果您的后端支持“自之后修改”标头:

proxy_cache_revalidate on;

禁用缓冲

您可以指示nginx从后端转发 响应,而不进行缓冲。这样可以减少响应时间:

proxy_buffering off;

自版本 1.7.11 起,还存在一条指令,允许nginx将响应转发至后端而无需对其进行缓冲。

proxy_request_buffering off;