我第一次尝试使用React挂钩,直到我意识到当我获取数据并更新两个不同的状态变量(数据和加载标志)时,我的组件(一个数据表)被渲染两次,甚至看起来都不错。尽管对状态更新程序的两次调用都在同一函数中进行。这是我的api函数,它将两个变量都返回给我的组件。
const getData = url => {
const [data, setData] = useState(null);
const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
useEffect(async () => {
const test = await api.get('/people')
if(test.ok){
setLoading(false);
setData(test.data.results);
}
}, []);
return { data, loading };
};
在普通的类组件中,您只需调用一次即可更新状态,该状态可以是一个复杂的对象,但是“挂钩”似乎是将状态分成较小的单元,其副作用似乎是分别重新更新时会重新渲染多个。有什么想法可以减轻这种情况吗?
答案 0 :(得分:15)
您可以将loading
状态和data
状态组合成一个状态对象,然后可以进行一次setState
调用,并且只会有一个渲染。
注意:与类组件中的setState
不同,从setState
返回的useState
不会合并具有现有状态的对象,它会完全替换对象。如果要进行合并,则需要读取以前的状态,然后自己将其与新值合并。请参阅docs。
在确定性能问题之前,我不必担心过度调用渲染。呈现(在React上下文中)和将虚拟DOM更新提交到真实DOM是不同的事情。这里的渲染是指生成虚拟DOM,而不是更新浏览器DOM。 React可以批处理setState
调用,并以最终的新状态更新浏览器DOM。
const {useState, useEffect} = React;
function App() {
const [userRequest, setUserRequest] = useState({
loading: false,
user: null,
});
useEffect(() => {
// Note that this replaces the entire object and deletes user key!
setUserRequest({ loading: true });
fetch('https://randomuser.me/api/')
.then(results => results.json())
.then(data => {
setUserRequest({
loading: false,
user: data.results[0],
});
});
}, []);
const { loading, user } = userRequest;
return (
<div>
{loading && 'Loading...'}
{user && user.name.first}
</div>
);
}
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.querySelector('#app'));
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16.7.0-alpha.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16.7.0-alpha.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<div id="app"></div>
const {useState, useEffect} = React;
function useMergeState(initialState) {
const [state, setState] = useState(initialState);
const setMergedState = newState =>
setState(prevState => Object.assign({}, prevState, newState)
);
return [state, setMergedState];
}
function App() {
const [userRequest, setUserRequest] = useMergeState({
loading: false,
user: null,
});
useEffect(() => {
setUserRequest({ loading: true });
fetch('https://randomuser.me/api/')
.then(results => results.json())
.then(data => {
setUserRequest({
loading: false,
user: data.results[0],
});
});
}, []);
const { loading, user } = userRequest;
return (
<div>
{loading && 'Loading...'}
{user && user.name.first}
</div>
);
}
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.querySelector('#app'));
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16.7.0-alpha.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16.7.0-alpha.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<div id="app"></div>
答案 1 :(得分:4)
要从类组件复制[remote "<YOUR-REMOTE-NAME>"]
url = https://<YOUR-USERNAME>:<YOUR-TOKEN>@github.com/<etc your repo url>
合并行为,
反应文档recommend使用this.setState
的功能形式以及对象分布-useState
的{{3}}:
useReducer
这两个状态现在合并为一个,这将节省渲染周期。
一个状态对象还有另一个优点:setState(prevState => {
return {...prevState, loading, data};
});
和loading
是 依赖 状态。将状态放在一起时,无效的状态更改会变得更加明显:
data
您甚至可以通过以下方法来no need更好:1)设置状态-setState({ loading: true, data }); // ups... loading, but we already set data
,loading
,success
等- 显式 和2))使用error
将状态逻辑封装在化简器中:
useReducer
const useData = () => {
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, /*...*/);
useEffect(() => {
api.get('/people').then(test => {
if (test.ok) dispatch(["success", test.data.results]);
});
}, []);
};
const reducer = (state, [status, payload]) => {
if (status === "success") return { ...state, data: payload, status };
// keep state consistent, e.g. reset data, if loading
else if (status === "loading") return { ...state, data: undefined, status };
return state;
};
const App = () => {
const { data, status } = useData();
return status === "loading" ? <div> Loading... </div> : (
// success, display data
)
}
const useData = () => {
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, {
data: undefined,
status: "loading"
});
useEffect(() => {
fetchData_fakeApi().then(test => {
if (test.ok) dispatch(["success", test.data.results]);
});
}, []);
return state;
};
const reducer = (state, [status, payload]) => {
if (status === "success") return { ...state, data: payload, status };
// e.g. make sure to reset data, when loading.
else if (status === "loading") return { ...state, data: undefined, status };
else return state;
};
const App = () => {
const { data, status } = useData();
const count = useRenderCount();
const countStr = `Re-rendered ${count.current} times`;
return status === "loading" ? (
<div> Loading (3 sec)... {countStr} </div>
) : (
<div>
Finished. Data: {JSON.stringify(data)}, {countStr}
</div>
);
}
//
// helpers
//
const useRenderCount = () => {
const renderCount = useRef(0);
useEffect(() => {
renderCount.current += 1;
});
return renderCount;
};
const fetchData_fakeApi = () =>
new Promise(resolve =>
setTimeout(() => resolve({ ok: true, data: { results: [1, 2, 3] } }), 3000)
);
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
PS:确保使用<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.13.0/umd/react.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-32Gmw5rBDXyMjg/73FgpukoTZdMrxuYW7tj8adbN8z4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.13.0/umd/react-dom.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-bjQ42ac3EN0GqK40pC9gGi/YixvKyZ24qMP/9HiGW7w=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<div id="root"></div>
<script>var { useReducer, useEffect, useState, useRef } = React</script>
(use
而非useData
)ensure consistent states自定义挂钩。还传递给getData
的回调不能是useEffect
。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
在的配料更新反应钩强> https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/14259
如果从基于React的事件中触发状态更新,例如按钮单击或输入更改,React当前将批处理状态更新。如果更新是在React事件处理程序外部触发的,例如异步调用,则不会批量更新。
答案 3 :(得分:3)
这还有使用useReducer
的另一种解决方案!首先,我们定义新的setState
。
const [state, setState] = useReducer(
(state, newState) => ({...state, ...newState}),
{loading: true, data: null}
)
之后,我们可以像使用好旧类this.setState
一样简单地使用它,只需要不使用this
!
setState({loading: false, data: test.data.results})
所以我们在一起:
import {useReducer} from 'react'
const getData = url => {
const [state, setState] = useReducer(
(state, newState) => ({...state, ...newState}),
{loading: true, data: null}
)
useEffect(async () => {
const test = await api.get('/people')
if(test.ok){
setState({loading: false, data: test.data.results})
}
}, [])
return state
}
答案 4 :(得分:0)
补充https://stackoverflow.com/a/53575023/121143
酷!对于那些打算使用此钩子的人,可以用某种健壮的方式编写它,以将函数用作参数,例如:
const useMergedState = initial => {
const [state, setState] = React.useState(initial);
const setMergedState = newState =>
typeof newState == "function"
? setState(prevState => ({ ...prevState, ...newState(prevState) }))
: setState(prevState => ({ ...prevState, ...newState }));
return [state, setMergedState];
};
更新:优化版本,在不更改传入部分状态的情况下不会修改状态。
const shallowPartialCompare = (obj, partialObj) =>
Object.keys(partialObj).every(
key =>
obj.hasOwnProperty(key) &&
obj[key] === partialObj[key]
);
const useMergedState = initial => {
const [state, setState] = React.useState(initial);
const setMergedState = newIncomingState =>
setState(prevState => {
const newState =
typeof newIncomingState == "function"
? newIncomingState(prevState)
: newIncomingState;
return shallowPartialCompare(prevState, newState)
? prevState
: { ...prevState, ...newState };
});
return [state, setMergedState];
};
答案 5 :(得分:0)
这可以做到:
const [state, setState] = useState({ username: '', password: ''});
// later
setState({
...state,
username: 'John'
});
答案 6 :(得分:0)
如果您使用的是第三方挂钩,并且无法将状态合并为一个对象或使用useReducer
,则解决方案是使用:
ReactDOM.unstable_batchedUpdates(() => { ... })
丹·阿布拉莫夫here推荐
查看此example
答案 7 :(得分:0)
您还可以使用useEffect
检测状态变化,并相应地更新其他状态值