Question

请考虑以下尝试来制作函数备注（playground link）：

use std::collections::HashMap;

pub struct Cacher<F, IN, OUT> {
    function: F,
    cache: HashMap<IN, OUT>,
}

impl<F, IN, OUT> Cacher<F, IN, OUT>
where
    F: Fn(IN) -> OUT,
    IN: std::cmp::Eq + std::hash::Hash + std::marker::Copy,
    OUT: std::marker::Copy,
{
    fn new(function: F) -> Cacher<F, IN, OUT> {
        Cacher {
            function: function,
            cache: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }

    fn at(&mut self, arg: IN) -> &OUT {
        match self.cache.get(&arg) {
            None => {
                let val = (self.function)(arg);
                self.cache.insert(arg, val);
                &val // FAIL!
            }
            Some(val) => val,
        }
    }
}

at方法无法编译：

error[E0597]: `val` does not live long enough
  --> src/lib.rs:26:18
   |
26 |                 &val // FAIL!
   |                  ^^^ borrowed value does not live long enough
27 |             }
   |             - borrowed value only lives until here
   |
note: borrowed value must be valid for the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the method body at 21:5...
  --> src/lib.rs:21:5
   |
21 | /     fn at(&mut self, arg: IN) -> &OUT {
22 | |         match self.cache.get(&arg) {
23 | |             None => {
24 | |                 let val = (self.function)(arg);
...  |
29 | |         }
30 | |     }
   | |_____^

error[E0502]: cannot borrow `self.cache` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immutable
  --> src/lib.rs:25:17
   |
22 |         match self.cache.get(&arg) {
   |               ---------- immutable borrow occurs here
...
25 |                 self.cache.insert(arg, val);
   |                 ^^^^^^^^^^ mutable borrow occurs here
...
30 |     }
   |     - immutable borrow ends here

我的理解是，在必须计算值的情况下，返回的&val寿命不长。我尝试了一些操作，向编译器解释了返回的&val应当与包含它的Cacher一样长寿，但是到目前为止，我还没有成功。

我们如何为编译器提供有关&val生命周期的必需信息？

我们如何从拥有HashMap的结构中的方法返回对HashMap值的引用？

0 个答案: