ADD_MONTHS函数不会在Oracle中返回正确的日期

时间:2011-03-18 07:32:16

标签: sql oracle date-arithmetic

查看以下查询的结果:

>> SELECT ADD_MONTHS(TO_DATE('30-MAR-11','DD-MON-RR'),-4) FROM DUAL;
30-NOV-10


>> SELECT ADD_MONTHS(TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR'),4) FROM DUAL;
31-MAR-11

如果在某个日期增加4个月,我怎么能得到'30 -MAR-11'?

请帮忙。

10 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

此处还有另一个问题Oracle and Java

它声明

  

来自add_months上的Oracle参考http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/functions004.htm

     

如果日期是该月的最后一天,或者结果月份的日期少于日期的日期组成部分,则结果是结果月份的最后一天。否则,结果与日期具有相同的日期组件。

所以我猜你必须手动检查说明日和结束日来改变功能的行为。或者通过添加天而不是几个月。 (但我没有在参考文献中找到add_day函数

答案 1 :(得分:5)

作为一种解决方法,我可能会使用此算法:

  1. 使用TargetDate1计算目标日期ADD_MONTHS
  2. 或者像这样计算目标日期TargetDate2

    1)将ADD_MONTHS应用于源日期的第一个月;
    2)添加源日期和同月开头之间的天数差异。

  3. 选择LEASTTargetDate1之间的TargetDate2

  4. 因此,如果源日期的日期组件大于目标月份中的天数,则最终目标日期将包含不同的日期组件。在这种情况下,目标日期将是相应月份的最后一天。

    我不太确定我对Oracle SQL语法的了解,但基本上实现可能如下所示:

    SELECT
      LEAST(
        ADD_MONTHS(SourceDate, Months),
        ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(SourceDate, 'MONTH'), Months)
          + (SourceDate - TRUNC(SourceDate, 'MONTH'))
      ) AS TargetDate
    FROM (
      SELECT
        TO_DATE('30-NOV-10', 'DD-MON-RR') AS SourceDate,
        4 AS Months
      FROM DUAL
    )
    

    以下是该方法的工作原理的详细说明:

    SourceDate = '30-NOV-10'
    Months     = 4
    
    TargetDate1 = ADD_MONTHS('30-NOV-10', 4) = '31-MAR-11'  /* unacceptable */
    TargetDate2 = ADD_MONTHS('01-NOV-10', 4) + (30 - 1)
                = '01-MAR-11' + 29 = '30-MAR-11'            /* acceptable */
    TargetDate  = LEAST('31-MAR-11', '30-MAR-11') = '30-MAR-11'
    

    以下是一些展示不同案例的例子:

    SourceDate | Months | TargetDate1 | TargetDate2 | TargetDate
    -----------+--------+-------------+-------------+-----------
     29-NOV-10 |    4   |   29-MAR-11 |   29-MAR-11 |  29-MAR-11
     30-MAR-11 |   -4   |   30-NOV-10 |   30-NOV-10 |  30-NOV-10
     31-MAR-11 |   -4   |   30-NOV-10 |   01-DEC-10 |  30-NOV-10
     30-NOV-10 |    3   |   28-FEB-11 |   02-MAR-11 |  28-FEB-11
    

答案 2 :(得分:3)

您可以使用区间运算来获得所需的结果

SQL> select date '2011-03-30' - interval '4' month
  2    from dual;

DATE'2011
---------
30-NOV-10

SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf

  1  select date '2010-11-30' + interval '4' month
  2*   from dual
SQL> /

DATE'2010
---------
30-MAR-11

但是,请注意,如果您正在处理每个月不存在的日子,那么间隔算术会有陷阱

SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf

  1  select date '2011-03-31' + interval '1' month
  2*   from dual
SQL> /
select date '2011-03-31' + interval '1' month
                         *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified

答案 3 :(得分:1)

这样的事情怎么样:

SELECT
    LEAST(
        ADD_MONTHS(TO_DATE('30-MAR-11','DD-MON-RR'),-4),
        ADD_MONTHS(TO_DATE('30-MAR-11','DD-MON-RR')-1,-4)+1
    )
FROM
    DUAL
;

结果:30-NOV-10

SELECT
    LEAST(
        ADD_MONTHS(TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR'),4),
        ADD_MONTHS(TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR')-1,4)+1
    )
FROM
    DUAL
;

结果:30-MAR-11

答案 4 :(得分:0)

  

add_months函数返回日期加n个月。

由于11月30日是该月的最后一个日期,因此增加4个月将导致4个月结束的日期。这是预期的行为。如果日期不一定要更改,则解决方法是在返回新日期后减去一天

SQL> SELECT ADD_MONTHS(TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR'),4) -1 from dual;

ADD_MONTH
---------
30-MAR-11

答案 5 :(得分:0)

SELECT TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR') + 
       (
        ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR'),'MM'),4) - 
        TRUNC(TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR'),'MM')
       ) RESULT
  FROM DUAL;

本节在paranthesis:

ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR'),'MM'),4) - TRUNC(TO_DATE('30-NOV-10','DD-MON-RR'),'MM')

显示您输入日期和4个月之后的天数。因此,将这个天数添加到您给出的日期会给出4个月后的确切日期。

参考:http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_test_data_date_generation_sql.htm

答案 6 :(得分:0)

简单的解决方案:

ADD_MONTHS(date - 1, x) + 1

答案 7 :(得分:0)

这是诀窍:

select add_months(to_date('20160228', 'YYYYMMDD')-1, 1)+1 from dual;

享受!

答案 8 :(得分:0)

我们已经针对此问题找到了更简单的解决方案-从原始日期和add_month结果日期中获取最少的天数,如下所示:

TRUNC(ADD_MONTHS(input_date,1),'MM') + LEAST(TO_CHAR(input_date, 'DD'), TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(input_date,1), 'DD')) - 1 

下面的一些示例并非在每个日期都有效,低于我们的测试结果:

WITH DATES as (
    SELECT TO_DATE('2020-01-31', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') as input_date,
           '2020-02-29' as expected_date
    FROM dual
    UNION ALL
    SELECT TO_DATE('2020-02-28', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
           '2020-03-28'
    FROM dual
    UNION ALL
    SELECT TO_DATE('2020-09-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
           '2020-10-30'
    FROM dual
    UNION ALL
    SELECT TO_DATE('2020-09-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
           '2020-10-01'
    FROM dual
    UNION ALL
    SELECT TO_DATE('2019-01-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
           '2019-02-28'
    FROM dual
    UNION ALL
    SELECT TO_DATE('2020-02-29', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
           '2020-03-29'
    FROM dual
    UNION ALL
    SELECT TO_DATE('2020-09-29', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
           '2020-10-29'
    FROM dual
    UNION ALL
    SELECT TO_DATE('2020-03-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
            '2020-04-01'
    FROM dual
),
methods as (
SELECT
    input_date,
    expected_date,
    ADD_MONTHS(input_date,1) as standard_way,
    add_months(input_date-1, 1)+1 as wrong_way,
    TO_DATE(LEAST(TO_CHAR(input_date, 'DD'), TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(input_date,1), 'DD')) || '-' || TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(input_date,1), 'MM-YYYY'), 'DD-MM-YYYY') as good_way,
    TRUNC(ADD_MONTHS(input_date,1),'MM') + LEAST(TO_CHAR(input_date, 'DD'), TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(input_date,1), 'DD')) - 1 as better_way
FROM
     DATES
)
SELECT
    input_date,
    expected_date,
    standard_way,
    CASE WHEN TO_CHAR(standard_way,'YYYY-MM-DD') = expected_date THEN 'OK' ELSE 'NOK' END as standard_way_ok,
    wrong_way,
    CASE WHEN TO_CHAR(wrong_way,'YYYY-MM-DD') = expected_date THEN 'OK' ELSE 'NOK' END as wrong_way_ok,
    good_way,
    CASE WHEN TO_CHAR(good_way,'YYYY-MM-DD') = expected_date THEN 'OK' ELSE 'NOK' END as good_way_ok,
    better_way,
   CASE WHEN TO_CHAR(better_way,'YYYY-MM-DD') = expected_date THEN 'OK' ELSE 'NOK' END as better_way_ok
FROM
    methods
;

答案 9 :(得分:-1)

    CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION My_Add_Month(
      STARTDATE           DATE,
      MONTHS_TO_ADD      NUMBER
    )
        RETURN DATE
    IS
        MY_ADD_MONTH_RESULT DATE;
    BEGIN

        SELECT ORACLES_ADD_MONTH_RESULT + NET_DAYS_TO_ADJUST INTO MY_ADD_MONTH_RESULT FROM
        (
            SELECT T.*,CASE WHEN SUBSTRACT_DAYS > ADD_DAYS THEN ADD_DAYS - SUBSTRACT_DAYS ELSE 0 END AS NET_DAYS_TO_ADJUST FROM
            (
                SELECT T.*,EXTRACT(DAY FROM ORACLES_ADD_MONTH_RESULT) AS SUBSTRACT_DAYS FROM
                (
                    SELECT ADD_MONTHS(STARTDATE,MONTHS_TO_ADD) AS ORACLES_ADD_MONTH_RESULT,EXTRACT(DAY FROM STARTDATE) AS ADD_DAYS FROM DUAL
                )T
            )T
        )T;
        RETURN TRUNC(MY_ADD_MONTH_RESULT);
    END My_Add_Month;
    /

    --test & verification of logic & function both
    SELECT T.*,ORACLES_ADD_MONTH_RESULT + NET_DAYS_TO_ADJUST AS MY_ADD_MONTH_RESULT,
    My_Add_Month(STARTDATE,MONTHS_TO_ADD) MY_ADD_MONTH_FUNCTION_RESULT
    FROM
    (
        SELECT T.*,CASE WHEN SUBSTRACT_DAYS > ADD_DAYS THEN ADD_DAYS - SUBSTRACT_DAYS ELSE 0 END AS NET_DAYS_TO_ADJUST FROM
        (
            SELECT T.*,EXTRACT(DAY FROM ORACLES_ADD_MONTH_RESULT) AS SUBSTRACT_DAYS FROM
            (
                SELECT T.*,ADD_MONTHS(STARTDATE,MONTHS_TO_ADD) AS ORACLES_ADD_MONTH_RESULT,EXTRACT(DAY FROM STARTDATE) AS ADD_DAYS FROM
                (
                    SELECT TO_DATE('28/02/2014','DD/MM/YYYY') AS STARTDATE, 1 AS MONTHS_TO_ADD FROM DUAL
                )T
            )T
        )T
    )T;        

查询-结果

STARTDATE 2014年2月28日

MONTHS_TO_ADD 1

ORACLES_ADD_MONTH_RESULT 2014年3月31日

ADD_DAYS 28

SUBSTRACT_DAYS 31

NET_DAYS_TO_ADJUST -3

MY_ADD_MONTH_RESULT 2014年3月28日

MY_ADD_MONTH_FUNCTION_RESULT 2014年3月28日