我已经尝试构建迁移学习模型，但是在迭代训练中它变得越来越慢。 特别是，训练或测试时间呈线性增长。 （从第一次测试的4ms /步到第二十六次测试的2s440ms /步，并且持续时间更长） 我想知道这个问题是否与内存有关，并且有某种方法可以解决该问题。 下面是我的整个代码。
对于您的实例：
函数GenerateData：生成要素（30000个示例，41个特征）和相应的标签（30000个示例，1个标签）
function sequenceData：将生成的数据作为每个预测的序列
功能distingData：通过训练（第一次训练时占300的80％，训练后仍然保持），测试（训练数据的20％）和预测（1行功能Xlabel）区分序列数据
函数minmaxData和minmaxUpdate：每个数据的minmaxScaling缩放并存储全局最大原始值
功能培训，测试和预测对您而言并不复杂。
from keras.models import Sequential, Model
from keras.layers import TimeDistributed, Dense, Dropout, Activation, LSTM
from keras.utils import np_utils
from datetime import datetime
import tensorflow as tf
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import keras as ks
import gc
class synthNeuralNetwork(object):
DEBUG = False
BATCH_SIZE = 50
SEQ = 60
RNN_SIZE = SEQ
CLASSES = 6
DROPOUT = True
DROP_RATE = 0.2
LEARNING_RATE = 0.001
HIDDEN_UNITS = [41,20,10]
FROZEN = True
DNN_LYR = len(HIDDEN_UNITS)
TEST_PERC = 0.2
N_PER_WK = 5
N_PER_MON = 20
N_PER_YR = 250
TOTAL_EPOCHS = 1
ITM = ''
LIST1 = []
LIST2 = []
LAST_TR = 0
LAST_TS = 0
MMAX = {'F_MX':np.array([]),
'F_MN':np.array([]),
'L_MX':np.array([]),
'L_MN':np.array([])}
tf.set_random_seed(777)
def __init__(self,
BATCH_SIZE = 50, SEQ = 60, CLASSES = 6,
LEARNING_RATE = 0.001, DEBUG = False):
if DEBUG:
self.DEBUG = True
def GenerateData(self):
x_raw = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(30000,41))
y_raw = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(30000,))
index1 = [x for x in range(500)]*60
index2 = [x for x in range(60)]*500
index1.sort()
idx_tup = list(zip(index1,index2))
x_raw.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(idx_tup, names=['idx1','idx2'])
y_raw.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(idx_tup, names=['idx1','idx2'])
idx1_list = x_raw.index.get_level_values('idx1').unique().tolist()
idx2_list = x_raw.index.get_level_values('idx2').unique().tolist()
self.LIST1 = idx1_list
self.LIST2 = idx2_list
self.LAST_TR = self.LIST1[0]
self.LAST_TS = self.LIST1[0]
x_dict = {}
y_dict = {}
for x in idx1_list:
x_dict[x] = x_raw.loc[x_raw.index.get_level_values('idx2')==x]
y_dict[x] = y_raw.loc[y_raw.index.get_level_values('idx2')==x]
return x_dict, y_dict
def sequenceData(self, x_dict, y_dict, predPoint=None, train=None):
x = []
y = []
if train==True:
startPoint = self.LAST_TR
else:
startPoint = self.LAST_TS
if startPoint < x_dict.index.get_level_values('idx1').tolist()[self.SEQ]:
startPoint = x_dict.index.get_level_values('idx1').tolist()[self.SEQ]
for i in [z for z in self.LIST1 if (z<=predPoint)&(z>startPoint)]:
x_tmp = np.array(x_dict.loc[x_dict.index.get_level_values('idx1')<=i].iloc[-self.SEQ:].dropna())
y_tmp = np.array(y_dict.loc[y_dict.index.get_level_values('idx1')<=i].iloc[-1].dropna())
if len(x_tmp)==self.SEQ:
x.append(x_tmp)
y.append(y_tmp)
return x, y
def distinctData(self, x, y, TEST_PERC = TEST_PERC, train=None):
unavailable = 20
x_av = x[:-unavailable]
y_av = y[:-unavailable]
TEST_LEN = int(np.shape(x_av)[0]*TEST_PERC)+1
if train==True:
f_train = np.array(x_av[:-TEST_LEN])
l_train = np.array(y_av[:-TEST_LEN])
f_test = np.array(x_av[-TEST_LEN:])
l_test = np.array(y_av[-TEST_LEN:])
self.LAST_TR = self.LIST1[self.LIST1.index(self.LAST_TR)+f_train.shape[0]]
self.LAST_TS = self.LIST1[self.LIST1.index(self.LAST_TR)+f_test.shape[0]]
else:
f_train = np.array([])
l_train = np.array([])
f_test = np.array(x_av)
l_test = np.array(y_av)
self.LAST_TS = self.LIST1[self.LIST1.index(self.LAST_TS)+f_test.shape[0]]
f_pred = np.array(x[-1])
return f_train, l_train, f_test, l_test, f_pred
def minmaxUpdate(self, f_arr, l_arr):
f_mx = f_arr.max(axis=0).max(axis=0)
f_mn = f_arr.min(axis=0).min(axis=0)
l_mx = l_arr.max(axis=0)
l_mn = l_arr.min(axis=0)
if len(self.MMAX['F_MX']) != 0:
f_mx = np.concatenate((f_mx,self.MMAX['F_MX'])).reshape((-1,np.shape(f_arr)[-1])).max(axis=0)
f_mn = np.concatenate((f_mn,self.MMAX['F_MN'])).reshape((-1,np.shape(f_arr)[-1])).min(axis=0)
l_mx = np.concatenate((l_mx,self.MMAX['L_MX'])).reshape((-1,np.shape(l_arr)[-1])).max(axis=0)
l_mn = np.concatenate((l_mn,self.MMAX['L_MN'])).reshape((-1,np.shape(l_arr)[-1])).min(axis=0)
self.MMAX['F_MX'] = f_mx
self.MMAX['F_MN'] = f_mn
self.MMAX['L_MX'] = l_mx
self.MMAX['L_MN'] = l_mn
def minmaxData(self, f_train, l_train, f_test, l_test, f_pred, TOTAL = True, train=None):
def classvalues(label):
shape = np.shape(label)
labels = []
for x in np.squeeze(np.reshape(label,(1,-1))):
t = 0
for y in range(0,self.CLASSES):
if y/self.CLASSES <= x:
t = y
else:
break;
labels.append(t)
labels = np.reshape(labels,shape)
return labels
if train==True:
self.minmaxUpdate(f_train, l_train)
f_gp = self.MMAX['F_MX']-self.MMAX['F_MN']
l_gp = self.MMAX['L_MX']-self.MMAX['L_MN']
f_train = (f_train-self.MMAX['F_MN'])/f_gp
l_train = (l_train-self.MMAX['L_MN'])/l_gp
l_train = classvalues(l_train)
else:
self.minmaxUpdate(f_test, l_test)
f_gp = self.MMAX['F_MX']-self.MMAX['F_MN']
l_gp = self.MMAX['L_MX']-self.MMAX['L_MN']
f_test = (f_test-self.MMAX['F_MN'])/f_gp
l_test = (l_test-self.MMAX['L_MN'])/l_gp
l_test = classvalues(l_test)
f_pred = (f_pred-self.MMAX['F_MN'])/f_gp
return f_train, l_train, f_test, l_test, f_pred
def trainModel(self, f_train, l_train, TOTAL=True):
len_feat = np.shape(f_train)[-1]
total_epochs = self.TOTAL_EPOCHS
drop_rate = self.DROP_RATE
l_train = np_utils.to_categorical(l_train, num_classes=self.CLASSES)
model = Sequential()
if TOTAL:
for i in range(len(self.HIDDEN_UNITS)):
model.add(TimeDistributed(Dense(self.HIDDEN_UNITS[i],activation='relu',
kernel_initializer='glorot_normal'),
input_shape=(self.SEQ, len_feat)))
if self.DROPOUT == True:
model.add(Dropout(drop_rate))
model.add(LSTM(self.CLASSES))
model.add(Activation('softmax'))
model.compile(optimizer='adam',loss='categorical_crossentropy',metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(f_train, l_train, batch_size=self.BATCH_SIZE, epochs=total_epochs, verbose=1)
ks.models.save_model(model, './snn_model/snn_model_%s_%s.h5' %(self.ITM,self.NUM))
ra = model.evaluate(f_train, l_train)[1]
else:
bs_model = ks.models.load_model('./snn_model/snn_model_%s_%s.h5' %(self.ITM,self.NUM))
for i in range(len(self.HIDDEN_UNITS)*int(self.DROPOUT+1)):
model.add(bs_model.layers[i])
if self.FROZEN == True:
for layer in model.layers:
layer.trainable = False
model_tr = model.output
model_tr = LSTM(self.CLASSES)(model_tr)
prediction = Activation('softmax')(model_tr)
model_final = Model(input=model.input, output=prediction)
model_final.compile(optimizer='adam',loss='categorical_crossentropy',metrics=['accuracy'])
model_final.fit(f_train, l_train, batch_size=self.BATCH_SIZE,
epochs=total_epochs, verbose=1)
model_final.save('./snn_model/snn_model_%s_%s.h5' %(self.ITM,self.NUM))
ra = model_final.evaluate(f_train, l_train)[1]
print("Train Accuracy:", ra)
return ra
def testModel(self, f_test, l_test):
l_test = np_utils.to_categorical(l_test, num_classes=self.CLASSES)
model = ks.models.load_model('./snn_model/snn_model_%s_%s.h5' %(self.ITM,self.NUM))
[co, ta] = model.evaluate(f_test,l_test)
print("Test Accuracy:",ta)
print("Test loss:",co)
return ta, co
def prediction(self, f_pred):
model = ks.models.load_model('./snn_model/snn_model_%s_%s.h5' %(self.ITM,self.NUM))
(a,b) = f_pred.shape
prediction = model.predict([f_pred.reshape(-1,a,b)])
arg = prediction.argmax(axis=-1)[0]
pre = prediction[0]
print("Prediction Class:",arg,'with percentage',pre[arg])
return arg, pre
if __name__ == '__main__':
snn = synthNeuralNetwork()
snn.NUM = '005'
snn.LBL = 0
snn.TOTAL_EPOCHS = 10
snn.FROZEN = True
sPoint = 200
x_dict, y_dict = snn.GenerateData()
predPointList = [z for z in snn.LIST1[::5] if z >= sPoint]
for x in snn.LIST2:
gc.collect()
snn.ITM = x
for y in predPointList:
if (y == predPointList[0]):
total = True
else:
total = False
if (y%60 == 0)|(total==True):
train = True
else:
train = False
x_seq, y_seq = snn.sequenceData(x_dict[x], y_dict[x], predPoint=y, train=train)
if len(x_seq) == 0:
continue;
f_train, l_train, f_test, l_test, f_pred = snn.distinctData(x_seq, y_seq, train=train)
f_train, l_train, f_test, l_test, f_pred = snn.minmaxData(f_train, l_train, f_test, l_test, f_pred, train=train)
if (train==True):
tf.Session().run([tf.global_variables_initializer(),tf.local_variables_initializer()])
ra = snn.trainModel(f_train, l_train, TOTAL=total)
ta, co = snn.testModel(f_test, l_test)
arg, pre = snn.prediction(f_pred)
print('\n',x,y,datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),'\n')
del(x_seq, y_seq, f_train, l_train, f_test, l_test)