Question

我有两个WPF应用程序（Application1和Application2），Application1将用户添加到 Users.xml 文件中，Application2将所有从Users.xml的名称显示到标签。要刷新Application2中的Label，我必须在当前实现中按Refresh按钮。我想建立一种机制，以便每当我向Application1添加用户时，Application2都会自动更新Label。我可以实现此目的的一种方法是，每当Application1添加用户，在XML文件中设置一些标志（例如 IsSync = false ）并且Application2不断监视该标志并且每当看到IsSync = false时，它都会更新标签并设置IsSync = true。但是我想知道是否还有其他最佳方法（也许是通过处理Application1中Application2的Refresh按钮的发布者/订阅者方法）来实现的。你能帮我实现这个目标吗？我在下面附加了两个XAML /代码：

应用程序1

XAML

<Window x:Class="Application1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Application1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Application1" Height="500" Width="500">
    <Grid>
        <Label Name="lblUserName" Content="Name" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="42,60,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <TextBox Name="txtUserName" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="23" Margin="91,60,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="300"/>
        <Button Name="btnAdd" Content="Add" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="310,110,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Click="Button_Click"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>

隐藏代码

using System.IO;
using System.Windows;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace Application1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private static string fullPath = "C:\\Files\\Users.xml";

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(txtUserName.Text))
            {
                if (!File.Exists(fullPath))
                {
                    // If Users.xml is not exists, create a file and add Textbox Name to the file
                    CreateUsersXMLAndAddUser();
                    txtUserName.Text = "";
                }
                else
                {
                    // Add Textbox name to the Users.xml
                    AddUser();
                    txtUserName.Text = "";
                }
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show(this, "Name can not be empty", "Required", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
            }
        }

        private void AddUser()
        {
            XElement xEle = XElement.Load(fullPath);
            xEle.Add(new XElement("User", new XAttribute("Name", txtUserName.Text.Trim())));
            xEle.Save(fullPath);
        }

        private void CreateUsersXMLAndAddUser()
        {
            XDocument xDoc = new XDocument(
                                      new XDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", null),
                                      new XElement("Users",
                                              new XElement("User",
                                              new XAttribute("Name", txtUserName.Text.Trim())
                                              )));

            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
            XmlWriter xWrite = XmlWriter.Create(sw);
            xDoc.Save(xWrite);
            xWrite.Close();
            xDoc.Save(fullPath);
        }
    }
}

应用程序2

XAML

<Window x:Class="Application2.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Application2"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Application2" Height="500" Width="600">
    <Grid>
        <Label Name="lblUsers" FontSize="20" FontWeight="UltraBold" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="20,20,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <Button Name="btnRefreshUsers" Content="Refresh" FontSize="20" FontWeight="UltraBold" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="450,39,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="100" Width="100" Click="btnRefreshUsers_Click"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>

隐藏代码

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace Application2
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private static string fullPath = "C:\\Files\\Users.xml";
        StringBuilder userList;

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            userList = new StringBuilder();

            lblUsers.Content = string.Empty;
            lblUsers.Content = LoadUsers();
        }

        private StringBuilder LoadUsers()
        {
            userList.AppendLine("  Users  ");
            userList.AppendLine("---------");

            if (File.Exists(fullPath))
            {
                XElement xelement = XElement.Load(fullPath);
                IEnumerable<XElement> users = xelement.Elements();

                foreach (var user in users)
                {
                    userList.AppendLine(user.Attribute("Name").Value);
                }              
            }
            else
            {
                userList.AppendLine("Nothing to show ...");
            }
            return userList;
        }

        private void btnRefreshUsers_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            userList.Clear();
            lblUsers.Content = string.Empty;
            lblUsers.Content = LoadUsers();
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

有几种方法可以在进程之间进行通信：

MSMQ（Microsoft MessageQueue）
套接字编程
命名管道
Web服务（WCF，...）

从理论上讲，在通信水平较低的情况下，大多数此类技术都将套接字用作主要部分。因此Socket编程是一种底层通信，您拥有更多的控制权，还需要做更多的工作才能使它正常工作。

我已经阅读了一个很好的答案：

IPC Mechanisms in C# - Usage and Best Practices

Answer 2

我已经实现FileSystemWatcher来实现我的目标。此处更改了Application2中的完整代码，以侦听Users.xml中的更改。

应用程序2

背后的代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace Application2
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private static string fullPath = "C:\\Files\\Users.xml";
        StringBuilder userList;

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            userList = new StringBuilder();

            lblUsers.Content = string.Empty;
            lblUsers.Content = LoadUsers();

            CreateFileWatcher(@"C:\\Files");
        }

        private StringBuilder LoadUsers()
        {
            userList.AppendLine("  Users  ");
            userList.AppendLine("---------");

            if (File.Exists(fullPath))
            {
                XElement xelement = XElement.Load(fullPath);
                IEnumerable<XElement> users = xelement.Elements();

                foreach (var user in users)
                {
                    userList.AppendLine(user.Attribute("Name").Value);
                }              
            }
            else
            {
                userList.AppendLine("Nothing to show ...");
            }
            return userList;
        }

        private void btnRefreshUsers_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            userList.Clear();
            lblUsers.Content = string.Empty;
            lblUsers.Content = LoadUsers();
        }

        private void CreateFileWatcher(string path)
        {
            // Create a new FileSystemWatcher and set its properties.
            FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
            watcher.Path = path;
            /* Watch for changes in LastAccess and LastWrite times, and the renaming of files or directories. */
            watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastAccess | NotifyFilters.LastWrite
               | NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
            // Only watch text files.
            watcher.Filter = "Users.xml";

            // Add event handlers.
            watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
            watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
            watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);

            // Begin watching.
            watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
        }

        // Define the event handlers.
        private  void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
        {
            // Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
            lblUsers.Dispatcher.Invoke(new Action(delegate ()
            {
                userList.Clear();
                lblUsers.Content = string.Empty;
                lblUsers.Content = LoadUsers();
            }), System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherPriority.Normal);
        }      
    }
}

同一台计算机中两个不同的WPF应用程序之间的通信

2 个答案: