Question

我在HTML5画布中有一个图像，尺寸为28x28像素。我使用以下代码将画布的imageData作为RGBA（红色，绿色，蓝色，alpha）值的数组获取：

canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, 28, 28);

现在，我想对图像进行灰度处理，以便获得784个值（28x28像素）的数组，其中每个像素都有一个值（而不是四个）。

我发现了很多不同的灰阶公式，有些正在乘以rgb值，有些只是计算平均值-我真的不知道要使用哪个...

我也一直坚持要获得784个值-始终为3136（因为有4个通道）...

谢谢！

Answer 1

主要思想是使颜色的红色，绿色和蓝色分量具有相同的值。为此，您需要计算每个像素的亮度。有几种计算亮度的方法。这就是其中之一。

window.onload = function() {
let canvas = document.getElementById("c");

	  let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
    canvas.width=50;
    canvas.height=50;

		let srcImg = document.getElementById("sof");
		ctx.drawImage(srcImg, 0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
		let imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
		let pixels = imgData.data;
		for (var i = 0; i < pixels.length; i += 4) {
		  
		let lightness = parseInt((pixels[i] + pixels[i + 1] + pixels[i + 2])/3);
    
		  pixels[i] = lightness; 
		  pixels[i + 1] = lightness; 
		  pixels[i + 2] = lightness; 
		}
		ctx.putImageData(imgData, 0, 0);
	  }

<canvas id="c"></canvas>
<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" id="sof" />

更新

这是wikipedia

中亮度的另一个公式

let lightness = parseInt(pixels[i]*.299 + pixels[i + 1]*.587 + pixels[i + 2]*.114);

这是我在Google中找到的另一个公式：

let lightness = parseInt(3*pixels[i] + 4*pixels[i + 1] + pixels[i + 2] >>> 3);

Answer 2

您可以直接为渲染上下文设置过滤器。它会比计算每个像素颜色更简单。

为此，您应该使用 ctx.filter = 'grayscale(1)';

const img = document.querySelector('img');
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');

img.onload = function() {
  canvas.width = img.width;
  canvas.height = img.height;
  ctx.filter = 'grayscale(1)';
  ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, img.width, img.height);
}

<canvas></canvas>
<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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"
/>

如何在JavaScript中对画布图像进行灰度处理？

2 个答案:

更新