12种不同列的3D动画图

时间：2018-11-16 09:35:49

标签： r

我有一个具有500,000行和16列的数据框，我有针对每个月（列）的所有12个月（500,000个）观测值的温度数据，而不是纬度和经度值（2列）。我需要绘制对应于每个月的经度和纬度列的温度观测动画图。简而言之，想要3d图（所有12个月的经度，纬度和图温度）。如果可以，请提供帮助。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：3)

您的问题：

欢迎您！请确保您阅读https://stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-ask。我知道当您需要解决问题时很难，而在需要时却没有答案。这就是为什么我试图回答您的问题，尽管它并不完美。但是，下次尝试更加具体。

我解决问题的尝试：

由于您没有提供给我们一些可以重现的数据，而且您的问题也不清楚（动画和3D还是3D？），很难说出要实现的目标。但是，我想您想构建一个交互式3D图。

我没有您的数据，因此必须对我想出的东西进行调整，以便您可以构建要生成的图，但是从这里开始可能很容易。下面的示例向您展示了开始时应该具有哪种数据格式，以及如何将其转换为正确的格式以使用plotly进行绘制以生成表面图。我针对绘图命令本身构建了一个非常详细的示例，因此，由于布局曲面图有时会造成混乱，因此调整布局变得更加容易。

这是您需要的：

library(plotly)
library(htmlwidgets)
library(tidyr)
    #XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
# sample data
x <- structure(list(year = c(2008, 2008, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 
                             2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 
                             2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2011, 2011, 2011, 
                             2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2012, 2012, 
                             2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2013, 
                             2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 
                             2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 
                             2014, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 
                             2015, 2015, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 
                             2016, 2016, 2016, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 
                             2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 
                             2018, 2018, 2018), month = structure(c(2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 
                                                                    8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 
                                                                    11L, 12L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 
                                                                    1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 
                                                                    4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 
                                                                    7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 
                                                                    10L, 11L, 12L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 
                                                                    12L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 1L, 2L, 
                                                                    3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 1L), .Label = c("January", 
                                                                                                                               "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", 
                                                                                                                               "September", "October", "November", "December"), class = "factor"), 
                    count = c(14, 88, 122, 44, 95, 85, 115, 126, 22, 0, 20, 81, 
                              100, 99, 121, 37, 97, 100, 112, 124, 32, 0, 20, 71, 99, 95, 
                              119, 35, 107, 84, 128, 141, 44, 14, 24, 75, 110, 99, 123, 
                              54, 106, 83, 122, 144, 35, 0, 30, 95, 107, 119, 121, 44, 
                              88, 95, 126, 136, 44, 0, 40, 91, 111, 120, 135, 40, 107, 
                              90, 133, 137, 33, 0, 30, 87, 120, 116, 137, 48, 103, 111, 
                              129, 155, 46, 0, 36, 99, 114, 119, 126, 50, 102, 109, 132, 
                              162, 48, 0, 40, 93, 129, 107, 146, 66, 123, 91, 153, 158, 
                              45, 10, 41, 103, 123, 122, 147, 64, 104, 127, 141, 160, 41, 
                              0, 35, 105)), row.names = c(NA, -120L), class = c("grouped_df", 
                                                                                "tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"), vars = "year", drop = TRUE, indices = list(
                                                                                  0:1, 2:13, 14:25, 26:37, 38:49, 50:61, 62:73, 74:85, 86:97, 
                                                                                  98:109, 110:119), group_sizes = c(2L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 
                                                                                                                    12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 10L), biggest_group_size = 12L, labels = structure(list(
                                                                                                                      year = c(2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 
                                                                                                                               2016, 2017, 2018)), row.names = c(NA, -11L), class = "data.frame", vars = "year", drop = TRUE))

# make sure your data-structure looks like this
x

#     year month     count
# 1  2008 February     14
# 2  2008 March        88
# 3  2009 April       122
# 4  2009 May          44
# 5  2009 June         95
# 6  2009 July         85
# 7  2009 August      115
# 8  2009 September   126
# 9  2009 October      22
# 10 2009 November      0
# ...
#XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

# adjust data-structure for plotting
# make sure not to overwrite the original dataframe!
y <- spread(x, year, count)
y <- data.matrix(y[-1])
rownames(y) <- levels(x$month)

# remove NA's
y[is.na(y[,1]),1] <- 0

# plot
plot <- plot_ly(type = 'surface' , z = ~y, colors=c("red", "green")
) %>%
  # layout-options
  layout(
    title = "your plot title",
    scene = list(
      # format x-axis
      xaxis = list(title = "year", range=c(0,length(unique(x$year))-1), 
                   color = "black",
                   schowticklabels=TRUE,
                   zeroline = FALSE,
                   showline = TRUE,
                   showgrid = FALSE,
                   autotick = FALSE,
                   tickmode = 'array',
                   ticktext = colnames(y),
                   tickvals = 0:(ncol(y)-1),
                   linecolor = toRGB("black"),
                   linewidth = 6,
                   type="category",
                   range=c(0,length(unique(x$year))-1)),
      # format y-axis
      yaxis = list(title = "months", range=c(0,length(levels(x$month))-1),
                   color = "black",
                   schowticklabels=TRUE,
                   zeroline = FALSE,
                   showline = TRUE,
                   showgrid = FALSE,
                   autotick = FALSE,
                   tickmode = "array",
                   ticktext = rownames(y),
                   tickvals = 0:(nrow(y)-1),
                   linecolor = toRGB("black"),
                   linewidth = 6,
                   type="category",
                   range=c(0:(nrow(y)-1))),
      # format z-axis
      zaxis = list(title = "count", 
                   color = "black",
                   schowticklabels=TRUE,
                   zeroline = FALSE,
                   showline = TRUE,
                   showgrid = FALSE,
                   autotick = FALSE,
                   tick0 = 0,
                   dtick = 50,
                   linecolor = toRGB("black"),
                   linewidth = 6),
      titlefont = list(family="Arial", size=12, color="black"),
      tickfont  = list(family="Arial", size=12, color="black"),
      showgrid = FALSE
    )) %>%
  # hide legend
  hide_colorbar()

# save plot
saveWidget(plot, "test.html")

这就是输出（作为静态图像）：enter image description here

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