如何使用Shoulda-matchers gem在rspec中测试关联?

时间:2018-11-13 10:36:18

标签: ruby-on-rails rspec associations shoulda

您好,我正在学习使用rspec测试Rails应用程序。我正在测试交易属于帐户的银行应用程序。我正在测试事务模型。它的代码如下: Transaction.rb:

class Transaction < ApplicationRecord
      validates :amount, presence: true, numericality: {  only_integer: true,
                                                          greater_than: 0 }
      after_create :update_balance
      belongs_to :account

     def update_balance
       if transaction_type == 'debit'
         account.current_balance -= amount
       else
         account.current_balance += amount
       end
    end
end

其规格如下:

require 'rails_helper'
RSpec.describe Transaction, type: :model do
  it { should belong_to(:account)}

  subject {
    described_class.new(amount: 60, transaction_type: 'credit',
                        id: 1,
                        created_at: DateTime.now, updated_at: DateTime.now,
                        account_id: 1)
  }

  it 'is valid with valid attributes' do
    expect(subject).to be_valid
  end

  it 'is not valid without amount' do
    subject.amount = nil
    expect(subject).to_not be_valid
  end

  it 'is not valid without transaction type' do
    subject.transaction_type = nil
    expect(subject).to_not be_valid
  end

  it 'is not valid without created_at date' do
    subject.created_at = nil
    expect(subject).to_not be_valid
  end

  it 'is not valid without updated_at date' do
    subject.updated_at = nil
    expect(subject).to_not be_valid
  end

  it 'is not valid without transaction id' do
    subject.id = nil
    expect(subject).to_not be_valid
  end

  it 'is not valid without account id' do
    subject.id = nil
    expect(subject).to_not be_valid
  end
end

我使用了shoda宝石进行联想。但是,当我运行此测试时,即使我添加了关联,它也会由于“帐户必须存在”而引发错误。

错误:

.F......

Failures:

  1) Transaction is valid with valid attributes
     Failure/Error: expect(subject).to be_valid
       expected #<Transaction id: 1, transaction_type: "credit", amount: 0.6e2, created_at: "2018-11-13 10:33:13", updated_at: "2018-11-13 10:33:13", account_id: 1> to be valid, but got errors: Account must exist
     # ./spec/models/transaction_spec.rb:12:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 0.02937 seconds (files took 0.77127 seconds to load)
8 examples, 1 failure

有人可以帮忙了解我在做什么错吗?

P.S:交易表中有用于关联的account_id列。

感谢前进。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

在Rails 5中,默认情况下需要定义为belongs_to的关联。因此,当您检查expect(subject).to be_valid时,valid?调用将返回false,因为您没有设置帐户。

然后,使测试工作的方法将取决于您希望应用程序的对象模型是什么样。

如果可以在没有帐户的情况下进行交易,则可以通过以下方式建立关联:

class Transaction < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :account, optional: true
end

但是,我认为没有帐户的交易更有可能没有意义。因此,您当前的测试实际上是正确的-当您测试无帐户交易时,它无效有效。

在这种情况下,您可以相应地设置测试主题:

RSpec.describe Transaction, type: :model do
  let(:account) { Account.new }
  subject {
    described_class.new( ..., account: account)
  }
  ...
end