最近，我发现jekyll命令在使用数月后无法在我的计算机上正常工作。
每当我尝试运行jekyll命令时，都会说：
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/dependency.rb:319:in `to_specs':
Could not find 'jekyll' (>= 0) among 34 total gem(s) (Gem::LoadError)
Checked in 'GEM_PATH=/Users/Mael/.gem/ruby/2.3.0:/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0:/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0',
execute `gem env` for more information
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/dependency.rb:328:in `to_spec'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_gem.rb:65:in `gem'
from /usr/local/bin/jekyll:22:in `<main>'
我正在使用macOS Sierra（10.12.6）。
我在计算机上安装了Xcode：
$ xcode-select --install
xcode-select: error: command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates
所以我尝试像第一次一样重新安装Jekyll：
$ ruby -v
ruby 2.3.7p456 (2018-03-28 revision 63024) [universal.x86_64-darwin16]
$ sudo gem install bundler
Successfully installed bundler-1.17.1
Parsing documentation for bundler-1.17.1
Done installing documentation for bundler after 4 seconds
1 gem installed
我创建了一个包含以下内容的Gemfile：
gem 'github-pages'
source 'https://rubygems.org'
然后在包含Gemfile的目录中运行：
$ bundle install
在这里，安装不起作用，它说：
An error occurred while installing commonmarker (0.17.13), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install commonmarker -v '0.17.13' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'` succeeds before bundling.
In Gemfile:
github-pages was resolved to 192, which depends on
jekyll-commonmark-ghpages was resolved to 0.1.5, which depends on
jekyll-commonmark was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
commonmarker
所以我尝试了gem install commonmarker -v '0.17.13' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'命令，它说：
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing commonmarker:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/commonmarker-0.17.13/ext/commonmarker
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20181112-6105-u9aca2.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/commonmarker-0.17.13/ext/commonmarker
make "DESTDIR=" clean
current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/commonmarker-0.17.13/ext/commonmarker
make "DESTDIR="
make: *** No rule to make target `/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin16/ruby/config.h', needed by `arena.o'. Stop.
make failed, exit code 2
Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/commonmarker-0.17.13 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/extensions/universal-darwin-16/2.3.0/commonmarker-0.17.13/gem_make.out
我注意到我的jekyll （2.0.0）目录中有多个github-pages和/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems 宝石：< / p>
github-pages-146
github-pages-health-check-1.3.5
...
jekyll-3.4.5
jekyll-avatar-0.4.2
jekyll-coffeescript-1.0.1
[and several other jekyll directories]
...
但不在我的/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems （2.3.0）目录中！ （运行GEM_PATH命令时似乎由jekyll定位的目标）
所以，也许我做了一些改变版本的事情。 （我最近（通过brew安装）安装了osxfuse和sshfs，我不知道是否与该问题有关？）
我对Ruby，Gems系统等一无所知。也许解决方案很明显，但是我尝试了几项都没有成功。
（抱歉，它有点长，但是我想尽可能清楚一些！）
答案 0 :(得分：2)
我也不使用Ruby，但是在Mac OS 10.12.6上也遇到了类似的问题，这就是我的解决方法。
这很可能是由于系统Ruby环境与Jekyll之间的某些分歧引起的，解决该问题的最简单方法是完全创建一个新环境。
首先，您应该使用rvm来管理您的Ruby版本，以避免删除系统Ruby并破坏您的OS。设置rvm后，运行
rvm install 2.3.3
安装Ruby 2.3.3（这是我使用的）。完成后，将其设置为系统中的默认Ruby版本：
rvm --default use 2.3.3
然后我执行以下操作：
gem install bundler
gem install jekyll
bundle install
Jekyll再次为我工作。
希望有帮助。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我不是Mac用户，也不是真正熟悉ruby，但是当我看到ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension时，通常与没有包含devkit的ruby版本有关。
据我了解，您可以使用devkit来获取ruby，或者不使用devkit来获取ruby，如果没有devkit，它就无法构建所需的某些gems。在PC上，必须安装devkit才能安装所有jekyll依赖项。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
我找到了一个解决方案，我认为这不是很干净，但是现在可以使用。
我在/Library/Ruby/Gems/中有两个目录：
2.0.0/
gems/ specifications/ ... 2.3.0/
gems/ specifications/ ... 当我尝试运行jekyll时，错误输出表明它在/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0中进行了检查，但正如我在问题中所说的，那里没有任何与jekyll相关的文件。 / p>
因此，我手动复制了/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems和/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/specifications中的所有文件，并将它们分别粘贴到/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems和/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/specifications中。
我想我复制的文件对于我拥有的Ruby版本（？）可能已经过时了，但是效果很好。
也许有更常规的方法可以使它起作用？
答案 3 :(得分：0)
我与jeklly捆绑新网站时遇到相同的问题。
尝试一下：
xcode-select --install
gem install bundler jekyll
这就是我不需要sudo来安装bundler jekyll的方式。
Install the Command Line Tools:
xcode-select --install
abcLabdeMacBook-Air:zeppelin-master abclab$ xcode-select --install
xcode-select: note: install requested for command line developer tools
abcLabdeMacBook-Air:zeppelin-master abclab$ gem install bundler jekyll
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0 directory.
abcLabdeMacBook-Air:zeppelin-master abclab$ bundle install
Ignoring eventmachine-1.2.7 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine eventmachine --version 1.2.7
Ignoring ffi-1.9.25 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.9.25
Ignoring http_parser.rb-0.6.0 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine http_parser.rb --version 0.6.0
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/.................
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/..
Resolving dependencies.....
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.4
Following files may not be writable, so sudo is needed:
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/build_info
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/cache
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/doc
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/extensions
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/specifications
Using i18n 0.9.5
Using minitest 5.11.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.5
Using activesupport 4.2.10
Using public_suffix 2.0.5
Using addressable 2.5.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Using autoprefixer-rails 9.4.7
Using bundler 2.0.1
Using chunky_png 1.3.11
Using coffee-script-source 1.11.1
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using colorator 1.1.0
Using ruby-enum 0.7.2
Fetching commonmarker 0.17.13
Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system RubyGems.
You can cancel this installation and run:
bundle install --path vendor/bundle
to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password
and install the bundled gems to RubyGems using sudo.
Password:
Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system RubyGems.
You can cancel this installation and run:
bundle install --path vendor/bundle
to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password
and install the bundled gems to RubyGems using sudo.
Password:
Installing commonmarker 0.17.13 with native extensions
Fetching multi_json 1.13.1
Installing multi_json 1.13.1
Fetching sass 3.4.25
Installing sass 3.4.25
Fetching compass-core 1.0.3
Installing compass-core 1.0.3
Fetching compass-import-once 1.0.5
Installing compass-import-once 1.0.5
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.3
Fetching ffi 1.10.0
Installing ffi 1.10.0 with native extensions
Fetching rb-inotify 0.10.0
Installing rb-inotify 0.10.0
Fetching compass 1.0.3
Installing compass 1.0.3
Fetching dnsruby 1.61.2
Installing dnsruby 1.61.2
Fetching eventmachine 1.2.7
Installing eventmachine 1.2.7 with native extensions
Fetching http_parser.rb 0.6.0
Installing http_parser.rb 0.6.0 with native extensions
Using em-websocket 0.5.1
Fetching ethon 0.12.0
Installing ethon 0.12.0
Fetching multipart-post 2.0.0
Installing multipart-post 2.0.0
Fetching faraday 0.15.4
Installing faraday 0.15.4
Using forwardable-extended 2.6.0
Fetching gemoji 3.0.0
Installing gemoji 3.0.0
Fetching sawyer 0.8.1
Installing sawyer 0.8.1
Fetching octokit 4.13.0
Installing octokit 4.13.0
Fetching typhoeus 1.3.1
Installing typhoeus 1.3.1
Fetching github-pages-health-check 1.8.1
Installing github-pages-health-check 1.8.1
Using jekyll-sass-converter 1.5.2
Using ruby_dep 1.5.0
Using listen 3.1.5
Fetching jekyll-watch 2.1.2
Installing jekyll-watch 2.1.2
Using kramdown 1.17.0
Using liquid 4.0.0
Using mercenary 0.3.6
Fetching pathutil 0.16.2
Installing pathutil 0.16.2
Fetching rouge 2.2.1
Installing rouge 2.2.1
Using safe_yaml 1.0.4
Fetching jekyll 3.7.4
Installing jekyll 3.7.4
Fetching jekyll-avatar 0.6.0
Installing jekyll-avatar 0.6.0
Fetching jekyll-coffeescript 1.1.1
Installing jekyll-coffeescript 1.1.1
Fetching jekyll-commonmark 1.2.0
Installing jekyll-commonmark 1.2.0
Fetching jekyll-commonmark-ghpages 0.1.5
Installing jekyll-commonmark-ghpages 0.1.5
Fetching jekyll-default-layout 0.1.4
Installing jekyll-default-layout 0.1.4
Fetching jekyll-feed 0.11.0
Installing jekyll-feed 0.11.0
Fetching jekyll-gist 1.5.0
Installing jekyll-gist 1.5.0
Fetching jekyll-github-metadata 2.9.4
Installing jekyll-github-metadata 2.9.4
Fetching mini_portile2 2.4.0
Installing mini_portile2 2.4.0
Fetching nokogiri 1.10.1
Installing nokogiri 1.10.1 with native extensions
Fetching html-pipeline 2.10.0
Installing html-pipeline 2.10.0
Fetching jekyll-mentions 1.4.1
Installing jekyll-mentions 1.4.1
Fetching jekyll-optional-front-matter 0.3.0
Installing jekyll-optional-front-matter 0.3.0
Fetching jekyll-paginate 1.1.0
Installing jekyll-paginate 1.1.0
Fetching jekyll-readme-index 0.2.0
Installing jekyll-readme-index 0.2.0
Fetching jekyll-redirect-from 0.14.0
Installing jekyll-redirect-from 0.14.0
Fetching jekyll-relative-links 0.5.3
Installing jekyll-relative-links 0.5.3
Fetching rubyzip 1.2.2
Installing rubyzip 1.2.2
Fetching jekyll-remote-theme 0.3.1
Installing jekyll-remote-theme 0.3.1
Using jekyll-seo-tag 2.5.0
Fetching jekyll-sitemap 1.2.0
Installing jekyll-sitemap 1.2.0
Fetching jekyll-swiss 0.4.0
Installing jekyll-swiss 0.4.0
Fetching jekyll-theme-architect 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-architect 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-cayman 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-cayman 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-dinky 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-dinky 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-hacker 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-hacker 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-leap-day 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-leap-day 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-merlot 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-merlot 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-midnight 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-midnight 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-minimal 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-minimal 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-modernist 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-modernist 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-primer 0.5.3
Installing jekyll-theme-primer 0.5.3
Fetching jekyll-theme-slate 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-slate 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-tactile 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-tactile 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-theme-time-machine 0.1.1
Installing jekyll-theme-time-machine 0.1.1
Fetching jekyll-titles-from-headings 0.5.1
Installing jekyll-titles-from-headings 0.5.1
Fetching jemoji 0.10.1
Installing jemoji 0.10.1
Using minima 2.5.0
Fetching unicode-display_width 1.4.1
Installing unicode-display_width 1.4.1
Fetching terminal-table 1.8.0
Installing terminal-table 1.8.0
Fetching github-pages 193
Installing github-pages 193
Fetching sass-media_query_combiner 0.0.7
Installing sass-media_query_combiner 0.0.7
Bundle complete! 4 Gemfile dependencies, 91 gems now installed.
Use `bundle info [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
Post-install message from compass:
Compass is charityware. If you love it, please donate on our behalf at http://umdf.org/compass Thanks!
Post-install message from dnsruby:
Installing dnsruby...
For issues and source code: https://github.com/alexdalitz/dnsruby
For general discussion (please tell us how you use dnsruby): https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/dnsruby
Post-install message from html-pipeline:
-------------------------------------------------
Thank you for installing html-pipeline!
You must bundle Filter gem dependencies.
See html-pipeline README.md for more details.
https://github.com/jch/html-pipeline#dependencies
-------------------------------------------------
答案 4 :(得分：0)
也可能是您错误地安装了Jekyll的多个依赖项。在这种情况下
<<可能会起作用，或者删除一个或多个Jekyll安装。
查找
$ /usr/bin/jekyll serve
，然后保留上面的一个，并删除其余的安装。