使React useEffect挂钩不在初始渲染上运行

时间:2018-11-11 22:35:43

标签: javascript reactjs react-hooks

根据文档:

  

componentDidUpdate()在更新发生后立即被调用。初始渲染未调用此方法。

我们可以使用新的useEffect()钩子来模拟componentDidUpdate(),但似乎useEffect()在每次渲染后都被运行,甚至是第一次。如何使它不能在初始渲染上运行?

如下面的示例所示,componentDidUpdateFunction在初始渲染期间被打印,而componentDidUpdateClass在初始渲染期间未被打印。

function ComponentDidUpdateFunction() {
  const [count, setCount] = React.useState(0);
  React.useEffect(() => {
    console.log("componentDidUpdateFunction");
  });

  return (
    <div>
      <p>componentDidUpdateFunction: {count} times</p>
      <button
        onClick={() => {
          setCount(count + 1);
        }}
      >
        Click Me
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

class ComponentDidUpdateClass extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      count: 0,
    };
  }

  componentDidUpdate() {
    console.log("componentDidUpdateClass");
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <p>componentDidUpdateClass: {this.state.count} times</p>
        <button
          onClick={() => {
            this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 });
          }}
        >
          Click Me
        </button>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

ReactDOM.render(
  <div>
    <ComponentDidUpdateFunction />
    <ComponentDidUpdateClass />
  </div>,
  document.querySelector("#app")
);
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16.7.0-alpha.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16.7.0-alpha.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>

<div id="app"></div>

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:16)

We can use the useRef hook to store any mutable value we like,因此我们可以使用它来跟踪useEffect函数是否是第一次运行。

如果我们希望效果与componentDidUpdate处于同一阶段运行,则可以改用useLayoutEffect

示例

const { useState, useRef, useLayoutEffect } = React;

function ComponentDidUpdateFunction() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  const firstUpdate = useRef(true);
  useLayoutEffect(() => {
    if (firstUpdate.current) {
      firstUpdate.current = false;
      return;
    }

    console.log("componentDidUpdateFunction");
  });

  return (
    <div>
      <p>componentDidUpdateFunction: {count} times</p>
      <button
        onClick={() => {
          setCount(count + 1);
        }}
      >
        Click Me
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

ReactDOM.render(
  <ComponentDidUpdateFunction />,
  document.getElementById("app")
);
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16.7.0-alpha.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16.7.0-alpha.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>

<div id="app"></div>

答案 1 :(得分:9)

您可以将其变成custom hooks,如下所示:

import React, { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';

const useDidMountEffect = (func, deps) => {
    const didMount = useRef(false);

    useEffect(() => {
        if (didMount.current) func();
        else didMount.current = true;
    }, deps);
}

export default useDidMountEffect;

用法示例:

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

import useDidMountEffect from '../path/to/useDidMountEffect';

const MyComponent = (props) => {    
    const [state, setState] = useState({
        key: false
    });    

    useEffect(() => {
        // you know what is this, don't you?
    }, []);

    useDidMountEffect(() => {
        // react please run me if 'key' changes, but not on initial render
    }, [state.key]);    

    return (
        <div>
             ...
        </div>
    );
}
// ...

答案 2 :(得分:8)

我制作了一个简单的useFirstRender钩子来处理诸如着眼于表单输入的情况:

import { useRef, useEffect } from 'react';

export function useFirstRender() {
  const firstRender = useRef(true);

  useEffect(() => {
    firstRender.current = false;
  }, []);

  return firstRender.current;
}

它以true开始,然后切换到false中的useEffect,后者仅运行一次,再也不会运行。

在您的组件中,使用它:

const firstRender = useFirstRender();
const phoneNumberRef = useRef(null);

useEffect(() => {
  if (firstRender || errors.phoneNumber) {
    phoneNumberRef.current.focus();
  }
}, [firstRender, errors.phoneNumber]);

对于您的情况,您只需使用if (!firstRender) { ...

答案 3 :(得分:3)

@ravi,您不调用传入的卸载功能。这是一个更完整的版本:

/**
 * Identical to React.useEffect, except that it never runs on mount. This is
 * the equivalent of the componentDidUpdate lifecycle function.
 *
 * @param {function:function} effect - A useEffect effect.
 * @param {array} [dependencies] - useEffect dependency list.
 */
export const useEffectExceptOnMount = (effect, dependencies) => {
  const mounted = React.useRef(false);
  React.useEffect(() => {
    if (mounted.current) {
      const unmount = effect();
      return () => unmount && unmount();
    } else {
      mounted.current = true;
    }
  }, dependencies);

  // Reset on unmount for the next mount.
  React.useEffect(() => {
    return () => mounted.current = false;
  }, []);
};

答案 4 :(得分:0)

@MehdiDehghani,您的解决方案工作得很好,您要做的一项附加工作就是卸载,将didMount.current的值重置为false。何时尝试在其他地方使用此自定义钩子,您不会获得缓存值。

import React, { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';

const useDidMountEffect = (func, deps) => {
    const didMount = useRef(false);

    useEffect(() => {
        let unmount;
        if (didMount.current) unmount = func();
        else didMount.current = true;

        return () => {
            didMount.current = false;
            unmount && unmount();
        }
    }, deps);
}

export default useDidMountEffect;

答案 5 :(得分:0)

这是我迄今为止使用 typescript 创建的最佳实现。基本上,想法是一样的,使用 Ref 但我也在考虑 useEffect 返回的回调来执行组件卸载的清理。

import {
  useRef,
  EffectCallback,
  DependencyList,
  useEffect
} from 'react';

/**
 * @param effect 
 * @param dependencies
 *  
 */
export default function useNoInitialEffect(
  effect: EffectCallback,
  dependencies?: DependencyList
) {
  //Preserving the true by default as initial render cycle
  const initialRender = useRef(true);

  useEffect(() => {
    let effectReturns: void | (() => void) = () => {};

    // Updating the ref to false on the first render, causing
    // subsequent render to execute the effect
    if (initialRender.current) {
      initialRender.current = false;
    } else {
      effectReturns = effect();
    }

    // Preserving and allowing the Destructor returned by the effect
    // to execute on component unmount and perform cleanup if
    // required.
    if (effectReturns && typeof effectReturns === 'function') {
      return effectReturns;
    } 
    return undefined;
  }, dependencies);
}

您可以像使用 useEffect 钩子一样简单地使用它,但这一次,它不会在初始渲染上运行。下面是如何使用这个钩子。

useuseNoInitialEffect(() => {
  // perform something, returning callback is supported
}, [a, b]);

答案 6 :(得分:0)

Tholle's answer 相同的方法,但使用 useState 而不是 useRef

const [skipCount, setSkipCount] = useState(true);

...

useEffect(() => {
    if (skipCount) setSkipCount(false);
    if (!skipCount) runYourFunction();
}, [dependencies])