我试图用另一个Lisp表达式包装Lisp表达式。我想宏应该可以,但是我不明白。谁能帮助我,谁知道该怎么做?
我的实际目的是编写一个宏,该宏将一些with-open-file
表达式包装在某些宏程序体代码周围。
(我想编写一个脚本/程序,该脚本/程序打开一个或两个输入文件,逐行处理它们,而且还将处理结果输出到几个不同的独立输出文件中。为此,我希望拥有{{ 1}}宏调用围绕处理和写入独立输出文件的代码堆积-所有这些都针对宏体代码打开。
由于with-open-file
需要输入或输出流的符号(处理程序)以及输出(或输入)文件的路径变量,以及一些其他信息(文件的方向等),因此我想将它们放入列表。
with-open-file
我希望如何调用宏:
;; Output file-paths:
(defparameter *paths* '("~/out1.lisp" "~/out2.lisp" "~/out3.lisp"))
;; stream handlers (symbols for the output streams)
(defparameter *handlers* '(out1 out2 out3))
;; code which I would love to execute in the body
(print "something1" out1)
(print "something2" out2)
(print "something3" out3)
宏调用应扩展的内容:
(with-open-files (*handlers* *paths* '(:direction :output :if-exists :append))
;; the third macro argument should be what should be passed to the
;; individual `with-open-file` calls
;; and it might be without `quote`-ing or with `quote`-ing
;; - is there by the way a good-practice for such cases? -
;; - is it recommended to have `quote`-ing? Or how would you do that? -
;; and then follows the code which should be in the macro body:
(print "something1" out1)
(print "something2" out2)
(print "something3" out3))
作为一个步骤,我认为我必须使一个s表达式包装另一个s表达式。
我的第一个问题是:如何用另一个s表达式包装一个s表达式?但是我现在无法管理它。 我所能做的就是编写一个只会溢出未执行表达式的函数。
如何编写一个宏,该宏既可以执行同样的操作,又可以在执行后扩展代码?(with-open-file (out1 "~/out1.lisp" :direction :output :if-exists :append)
(with-open-file (out2 "~/out2.lisp" :direction :output :if-exists :append)
(with-open-file (out3 "~/out3.lisp" :direction :output :if-exists :append)
(print "something1" out1)
(print "something2" out2)
(print "something3" out3))))
哪个给:
(defun wrap (s-expr-1 s-expr-2)
(append s-expr-1 (list s-expr-2)))
(wrap '(func1 arg1) '(func2 arg2))
;; => (FUNC1 ARG1 (FUNC2 ARG2))
(wrap '(with-open-files (out1 "~/out1.lisp" :direction :output :if-exists :append))
'(with-open-files (out2 "~/out2.lisp" :direction :output :if-exists :append)
(print "something1" out1)
(print "something2" out2)
(print "something3" out3)))
这样,依次应用(WITH-OPEN-FILES (OUT1 "~/out1.lisp" :DIRECTION :OUTPUT :IF-EXISTS :APPEND)
(WITH-OPEN-FILES (OUT2 "~/out2.lisp" :DIRECTION :OUTPUT :IF-EXISTS :APPEND)
(PRINT "something1" OUT1)
(PRINT "something2" OUT2)
(PRINT "something3" OUT3)))
函数,遍历输入列表,也许可以构建代码...
但是,这些函数只会生成代码,而不执行代码。
最后,我将被迫使用wrap
函数来评估已构建的代码……(但是不知何故,我不应该这样做。而且我只是不太了解如何编写)可以执行此类操作的宏...实际上,宏用于解决此类问题...
在执行死刑时,我遇到了大麻烦。而且由于无法在宏(而不是函数名)上调用eval
或funcall
,所以我看不到一种明显的解决方案。有人遇到过这种情况吗?
当通过另一个s表达式将s表达式包装在宏中并对其进行评估时,下一个问题将是如何处理列表以使代码扩展为所需的代码,然后进行评估?我只是试了几个小时而没走很远。
我需要有经验的人编写此类宏的帮助...
答案 0 :(得分:6)
请注意,在Lisp中,“处理程序”通常是函数,而不是符号。您的命名令人困惑。
如果要生成 code ,则应使用 macros ,而不是函数。 假设您在编译时知道哪些文件和流 您将使用的变量:
最简单的方法是使用递归:
(defmacro with-open-files ((streams file-names &rest options &key &allow-other-keys) &body body)
(if (and streams file-names)
`(with-open-file (,(pop streams) ,(pop file-names) ,@options)
(with-open-files (,streams ,file-names ,@options)
,@body))
`(progn ,@body)))
测试:
(macroexpand-1
'(with-open-files ((a b c) ("f" "g" "h") :direction :output :if-exists :supersede)
(print "a" a)
(print "b" b)
(print "c" c)))
==>
(WITH-OPEN-FILE (A "f" :DIRECTION :OUTPUT :IF-EXISTS :SUPERSEDE)
(WITH-OPEN-FILES ((B C) ("g" "h") :DIRECTION :OUTPUT :IF-EXISTS :SUPERSEDE)
(PRINT "a" A) (PRINT "b" B) (PRINT "c" C)))
(macroexpand-1
'(with-open-files ((a) ("f") :direction :output :if-exists :supersede)
(print "a" a)))
==>
(WITH-OPEN-FILE (A "f" :DIRECTION :OUTPUT :IF-EXISTS :SUPERSEDE)
(WITH-OPEN-FILES (NIL NIL :DIRECTION :OUTPUT :IF-EXISTS :SUPERSEDE)
(PRINT "a" A)))
(macroexpand-1
'(with-open-files (nil nil :direction :output :if-exists :supersede)
(print nil)))
==>
(PROGN (PRINT NIL))
如果您在编译时不知道什么是流和文件,例如,
它们存储在*handler*
变量中,您不能使用简单
上面的宏-您将必须使用
progv
用于绑定和
gensym
避免变量
捕获。请注意,反引号内的let
如何避免多个
评估(即,参数streams
,file-names
和options
是
被评估一次(一次,不会多次):
(defmacro with-open-files-d ((streams file-names &rest options &key &allow-other-keys) &body body)
(let ((sv (gensym "STREAM-VARIABLES-"))
(so (gensym "STREAM-OBJECTS-"))
(ab (gensym "ABORT-"))
(op (gensym "OPTIONS-")))
`(let* ((,sv ,streams)
(,ab t)
(,op (list ,@options))
(,so (mapcar (lambda (fn) (apply #'open fn ,op)) ,file-names)))
(progv ,sv ,so
(unwind-protect (multiple-value-prog1 (progn ,@body) (setq ,ab nil))
(dolist (s ,so)
(when s
(close s :abort ,ab))))))))
(macroexpand-1
'(with-open-files-d ('(a b c) '("f" "g" "h") :direction :output :if-exists :supersede)
(print "a" a)
(print "b" b)
(print "c" c)))
==>
(LET* ((#:STREAM-VARIABLES-372 '(A B C))
(#:ABORT-374 T)
(#:OPTIONS-375 (LIST :DIRECTION :OUTPUT :IF-EXISTS :SUPERSEDE))
(#:STREAM-OBJECTS-373
(MAPCAR (LAMBDA (FN) (APPLY #'OPEN FN #:OPTIONS-375)) '("f" "g" "h"))))
(PROGV
#:STREAM-VARIABLES-372
#:STREAM-OBJECTS-373
(UNWIND-PROTECT
(MULTIPLE-VALUE-PROG1 (PROGN (PRINT "a" A) (PRINT "b" B) (PRINT "c" C))
(SETQ #:ABORT-374 NIL))
(DOLIST (S #:STREAM-OBJECTS-373)
(WHEN S
(CLOSE S :ABORT #:ABORT-374))))))
在运行时对这两个流变量和文件列表 进行评估。
此处重要的实用说明是,静态版本更健壮,因为它保证所有流都被关闭,而动态版本将无法关闭其余流,例如,如果第一个close
引发异常(此可以是固定的,但不是琐碎的:我们不能只是ignore-errors
,因为实际上应该报告它们,而是哪个应该报告错误?&c&c)。
另一个观察结果是,如果在编译时未知流变量列表,则使用它们的body
中的代码将无法正确编译(变量将使用动态绑定&c进行编译),如下所示undefined-variable
编译时警告。
基本上,动态版本是宏观的练习,而静态版本则是您在实践中应该使用的版本。
如果我正确理解了您的要求,则可以执行以下操作 这个(未经测试!):
(defun process-A-line (line stream)
do something with line,
stream is an open output stream)
(defun process-file (input-file processors)
"Read input-file line by line, calling processors,
which is a list of lists (handler destination ...):
handler is a function like process-A-line,
destination is a file name and the rest is open options."
(with-open-file (inf input-file)
(let ((proc-fd (mapcar (lambda (p)
(cons (first p)
(apply #'open (rest p))))
processors))
(abort-p t))
(unwind-protect
(loop for line = (read-line inf nil nil)
while line
do (dolist (p-f proc-fd)
(funcall (car p-f) line (cdr p-f)))
finally (setq abort-p nil))
(dolist (p-f proc-fd)
(close (cdr p-f) :abort abort-p))))))