作为一名新手程序员,我开始阅读The C Programming Language,以了解有关pointers
和structs
的更多信息。
我目前正在学习C语言中的哈希表。按照本书中的示例,我创建了自己的哈希表来保存键值对:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_STRING_SIZE 100
#define HASHSIZE 101
static struct map *hashtab[HASHSIZE]; /* pointer table */
unsigned hash(char *); /* hashing function: form hash value for string s. used by both lookup and install*/
char *strdup(char *);
struct map { /* creating a map structure */
struct map *next;
char *KEY; /* KEY - pointer to a char - member of nlist*/
char *object1; /* object - pointer to a char - member of nlist*/
};
/* lookup function takes a pointer to char - s as an argument and returns a pointer to map structure */
struct map *lookup(char *s) {
struct map *np;
for (np = hashtab[hash(s)]; np != NULL; np = np->next) {
if (strcmp(s, np->KEY) == 0) {
return np;
}
}
return NULL;
}
/* install function takes a pointer to a char - KEY, object and returns a pointer to map structure */
struct map *install(char *KEY, char *object1) {
/* install: put (name, defn) in */
/* Install uses lookup to determine whether the KEY being installed
is already present. Proceeds to create a new entry or update*/
struct map *np;
unsigned hashval;
if ((np = lookup(KEY)) == NULL) {
np = (struct map *) malloc(sizeof(*np));
if (np == NULL || (np->KEY = strdup(KEY)) == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
hashval = hash(KEY);
np->next = hashtab[hashval];
hashtab[hashval] = np;
}
else {
free((void *)np->object1);
}
if ((np->object1 = strdup(object1)) == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
return np;
}
然后我将值分配给键,如下所示:
int main(void) {
struct map *table[4] = {
(install("key1", "value1")),
(install("key2", "value2")),
(install("key3", "value3")),
(install("key4", "value4"))
};
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
printf("%s->%s\n", table[i]->KEY, table[i]->object);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
上面的代码运行良好,我能够分别将value1
,...,value4
分配给key1
,...,key4
。但是,这不允许我将多个值分配给同一键。
假设我从一个文本文件中读取了以下内容:
key1 9000 600 Test1
key2 2000 600 Test2
key3 3000 120 Test3
key4 4000 120 Test4
.
.
key10 1000 560 Test10
我希望能够存储每个键并为其分配多个值。由于列数是固定的,所以也许我可以有一个代表行的结构并将其放入地图中。
为此,需要修改install
以便能够为同一键添加多个值。由于键是唯一的,因此lookup
和uninstall
(我创建的用于删除键的功能)应保持不变。
上面的代码可以完美地工作,但是我正在寻找将多个值添加到同一键的一般解决方案。
我应该如何继续打电话:
struct map *table[4] = {
(install("key1", "9000" ,"600", "Test1")), //key, object1, object2, object3
(install("key2", "2000" ,"600", "Test2")),
(install("key3", "3000" ,"120", "Test3")),
(install("key4", "4000" ,"120", "Test4"))
};
另一个想法是:
/* key points to this struct */
struct Value {
int i;
int k;
char *c;
};
typedef struct map { /* creating a map structure */
struct map *next;
char *KEY;
struct Value value; /* place multiple values inside a struct*/
};
这就是我被困住的地方:
struct map *insert(char *KEY, struct *Value) {
struct map *np;
unsigned hashval;
if ((np = lookup(KEY)) == NULL) {
np = (struct map *) malloc(sizeof(*np));
if (np == NULL || (np->KEY = strdup(KEY)) == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
hashval = hash(KEY);
np->next = hashtab[hashval];
hashtab[hashval] = np;
}
else {
free((struct Value*)np->value); //type cast cannot convert from 'Value' to 'Value*'
}
if ((np->Value = strdup(Value)) == NULL) { //map has no field value
return NULL;
}
return np;
}
我搜索了以下问题,但是无法提取有关如何在C语言中实现此问题的相关信息。
Hashmaps having multiple keys with multiple values
How can I assign multiple values to a hash key?
HashMap with multiple valued keys
如何实现一个哈希映射,该哈希映射接受分配给同一键的多个值?
编辑
正如评论中指出的那样,我使用的结构实际上可能不是哈希图,而是链表。但是book特别指出第144页是哈希图。
答案 0 :(得分:0)
这可能不是最好的解决方案,但是由于上面的评论,我有了一些帮助。我声明多个值作为指向char
的指针。请让我知道我是否可以改善这一点。
我尚未实施碰撞校正。
struct map { /* creating a map structure */
struct map *next;
char *KEY;
char *value1;
char *value2;
char *value3;
};
然后将它们传递给插入函数。
struct map *insert(char *KEY, char *value1, char *value2, char *value3) {
/* install: put (name, defn) in */
/* Install uses lookup to determine whether the KEY being installed
is already present. Proceeds to create a new entry or update*/
struct map *np;
unsigned hashval;
if ((np = lookup(KEY)) == NULL) {
np = (struct map *) malloc(sizeof(*np));
if (np == NULL || (np->KEY = strdup(KEY)) == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
hashval = hash(KEY);
np->next = hashtab[hashval];
hashtab[hashval] = np;
}
else {
free((void *)np->value1); //type cast cannot convert from 'Value' to 'Value*'
free((void *)np->value2);
free((void *)np->value3);
}
if ((np->time = strdup(value1)) == NULL) { //map has no field value
return NULL;
}
if ((np->description = strdup(value2)) == NULL) { //map has no field value
return NULL;
}
if ((np->duration = strdup(value3)) == NULL) { //map has no field value
return NULL;
}
return np;
}
打印这些将给出指向四个值的键。
key1->value1 value2 value3