Question

更新：我已经设法为代码和构造函数创建函数。我遇到的唯一困难是，每当我运行程序时，当我相信自己已定义它时，就会出现错误name 'SmileyFace' is not defined。关于为何未定义SmileyFace的问题，我需要帮助。谢谢

    from tkinter import *

class SmileyFace:
    def __init__(self,righteye,mouth):
                self.righteye=righteye
                self.mouth=mouth


    def smile(self):
            global righteye, mouth
            c.delete(righteye)
            righteye = c.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill = 'black')
            c.delete(mouth)
            mouth = c.create_arc(125, 225, 275, 275, start = 0, extent = -180, width = 5, fill = "white")

    def sad(self):
            global righteye, mouth
            c.delete(righteye)
            righteye = c.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill = "black")
            c.delete(mouth)
            mouth = c.create_arc(125, 250, 275, 300, start = 0, extent = 180, width = 5, fill = "white")

    def wink(self):
            global righteye, mouth
            c.delete(righteye)
            righteye = c.create_line(225, 140, 250, 165, 275, 140, width = 5, smooth = "true")
            c.delete(mouth)
            mouth = c.create_line(125, 250, 275, 250, width = 5)

    def grin(self):
            global righteye, mouth
            c.delete(righteye)
            righteye = c.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill = "black")
            c.delete(mouth)
            mouth = c.create_line(125, 250, 200, 250, 275, 215, width = 5, smooth = "true")

    def main():
        global c
        win = Tk()
        c = Canvas(win, width = 800, height = 800)
        c.pack()

        c.create_oval(100, 100, 350, 350, outline = "black", fill = "yellow")
        eye1 = c.create_oval(125, 125, 175, 175, fill = "black")
        eye2 = c.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill = "black")
        mouth = c.create_line(125, 250, 275, 250, width = 5)

        Smiley = SmileyFace(righteye,mouth)

        Button(win,text='Smile',command=Smiley.smile).pack
        Button(win, text = "Sad", command = Smiley.sad).pack
        Button(win, text = "Wink", command = Smiley.wink).pack
        Button(win, text = "Grin", command = Smiley.grin).pack
        Button(win, text = "Quit", command = win.destroy).pack

    main()

Answer 1

我遇到的唯一困难是每当我运行程序时，错误名称“ SmileyFace”未定义...

当我尝试运行它时，解决了缩进问题后，我得到了NameError: name 'righteye' is not defined。解决此问题后，由于最后没有win.mainloop()，所以我运行它时什么也没有发生。解决此问题后，由于调用.pack而不是.pack()而看不到任何按钮。依此类推。

该程序的结构不佳。 SmileyFace构造函数应该已经绘制了基本面并将右眼和嘴巴对象保存为属性，而不是尝试将它们作为全局变量来处理。下面，我采用一种更简单的方法来使用 tags 来避免属性和全局变量的共同使用：

from tkinter import *

class SmileyFace:
    def __init__(self, canvas):
        self.canvas = canvas

        canvas.create_oval(70, 70, 350, 350, fill='yellow')
        canvas.create_oval(125, 125, 175, 175, fill='black', tags='left')
        canvas.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill='black', tags='right')
        canvas.create_line(125, 250, 275, 250, width=5, tags='mouth')

    def smile(self):
        self.canvas.delete('right||mouth')
        self.canvas.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill='black', tags='right')
        self.canvas.create_arc(125, 225, 275, 275, extent=-180, width=5, fill='white', tags='mouth')

    def sad(self):
        self.canvas.delete('right||mouth')
        self.canvas.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill='black', tags='right')
        self.canvas.create_arc(125, 250, 275, 300, extent=180, width=5, fill='white', tags='mouth')

    def wink(self):
        self.canvas.delete('right||mouth')
        self.canvas.create_line(225, 140, 250, 165, 275, 140, width=5, smooth='true', tags='right')
        self.canvas.create_line(125, 250, 275, 250, width=5, tags='mouth')

    def grin(self):
        self.canvas.delete('right||mouth')
        self.canvas.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill='black', tags='right')
        self.canvas.create_line(125, 250, 200, 250, 275, 215, width=5, smooth='true', tags='mouth')

def main():
    win = Tk()
    canvas = Canvas(win, width=800, height=800)
    canvas.pack()

    smiley = SmileyFace(canvas)

    Button(win, text='Smile', command=smiley.smile).pack()
    Button(win, text='Sad', command=smiley.sad).pack()
    Button(win, text='Wink', command=smiley.wink).pack()
    Button(win, text='Grin', command=smiley.grin).pack()
    Button(win, text='Quit', command=win.destroy).pack()

    win.mainloop()

main()

Answer 2

当您已经创建了包含它们的类时，就不必为 righteye 和 mouth 使用全局变量。使用类而不是全局变量。

您确实有多种格式错误。您必须注意Python中的空白。至关重要。

因此，重排空白，修复一些丢失的变量名，修复pack()调用，并利用该类进行存储，我得到以下代码：

from tkinter import *

class SmileyFace:
    def __init__(self, righteye, mouth):
         self.righteye = righteye
         self.mouth = mouth

    def smile(self):
         c.delete(self.righteye)
         self.righteye = c.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill = 'black')
         c.delete(self.mouth)
         self.mouth = c.create_arc(125, 225, 275, 275, start = 0, extent = -180, width = 5, fill = "white")

    def sad(self):
         c.delete(self.righteye)
         self.righteye = c.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill = "black")
         c.delete(self.mouth)
         self.mouth = c.create_arc(125, 250, 275, 300, start = 0, extent = 180, width = 5, fill = "white")

    def wink(self):
         c.delete(self.righteye)
         self.righteye = c.create_line(225, 140, 250, 165, 275, 140, width = 5, smooth = "true")
         c.delete(self.mouth)
         self.mouth = c.create_line(125, 250, 275, 250, width = 5)

    def grin(self):
         c.delete(self.righteye)
         self.righteye = c.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill = "black")
         c.delete(self.mouth)
         self.mouth = c.create_line(125, 250, 200, 250, 275, 215, width = 5, smooth = "true")

if __name__ == '__main__':
        win = Tk()
        c = Canvas(win, width = 800, height = 800)
        c.pack()

        c.create_oval(80, 80, 350, 350, outline = "black", fill = "yellow")
        eye1 = c.create_oval(125, 125, 175, 175, fill = "black")
        righteye = c.create_oval(225, 125, 275, 175, fill = "black")
        mouth = c.create_line(125, 250, 275, 250, width = 5)

        Smiley = SmileyFace(righteye, mouth)

        Button(win, text = 'Smile',command = Smiley.smile).pack()
        Button(win, text = "sad", command = Smiley.sad).pack()
        Button(win, text = "Wink", command = Smiley.wink).pack()
        Button(win, text = "Grin", command = Smiley.grin).pack()
        Button(win, text = "Quit", command = win.destroy).pack()

总是有很多编码方法。每个人对最佳方法都有不同的看法。最重要的是它起作用，并且您了解它为什么起作用。编码愉快！

带有可更改手势的按钮的Python tkinter笑脸

2 个答案: