在抽象父类中重写toString()是个好主意吗?

时间:2018-11-03 07:54:06

标签: java inheritance abstract-class tostring

我有两个类似下面的类,但是将toString()显式放入abstract parent class是个好主意,还是应该在parent class中省略它,而override直接在child class中?

//Parent class
public abstract class Shape {
    @Override
    public abstract String toString();
}

//Child class
public class Circle extends Shape {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "This is a Circle";
    }
}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

根据您要在父类中定义的内容(只是概念,一些基本属性,一些常见行为),您可以做很多事情。正如@Joakim Danielson所说,如果将其声明为abstract,则会强制非抽象子类实现它,这可能导致您在其toString()实现中重复一些类似的代码。在许多情况下,您希望toString()列出属性及其值(可能都在父类的域中,可能隐藏为private),或执行类似的操作:

//Parent class
public abstract class Shape {
    protected abstract double surface();
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "I am a geometric shape and my surface is: " + surface();
    }
}

//Child class
public class Circle extends Shape {
    private double r;
    public Circle(double r) {
        this.r = r;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString() + " and my radius is: " + r;
    }
    @Override
    protected double surface() {
        return r * r * Math.PI;
    }
}

//Main class
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Shape c = new Circle(2.0);
        System.out.println(c.toString());
    }
}

//Output
I am a geometric shape and my surface is: 12.566370614359172 and my radius is: 2.0

在这种情况下,您还扩展了父类的功能。这样,您可以将某些预期的常见行为上移到父类级别,这使您不必在不需要添加任何其他信息的类中实现toString()

//Child class
public class Square extends Shape {
    private double a;
    public Square(double a) {
        this.a = a;
    }
    @Override
    protected double surface() {
        return a * a;
    }
}

//Main class
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Shape[] shapes = {new Circle(2.0), new Square(3.0)};
        for (Shape shape : shapes)
            System.out.println(shape.toString());
    }
}

//Output
I am a geometric shape and my surface is: 12.566370614359172 and my radius is: 2.0
I am a geometric shape and my surface is: 9.0

答案 1 :(得分:2)

在声明abstract时,您将强制Shape的子类来实现它,否则它是可选的。因此,如果需要,toString是必不可少的工具。

当然,不能保证在子子类中实现它。