Question

这是我在angular 7中进行的第一次单元测试，我想在服务中测试我的方法，该方法返回 Observable ：

fetchData(chronoInfo: ALChrono): Observable<any> {
        // construct API parameters and URL
        var URL: string = this.urlDecoratorService.urlAPIDecorate("AL", "GetAccessChrono");

        var params = this.urlDecoratorService.generateParameters({
            year: chronoInfo.year,//Année
            month: chronoInfo.month,//Mois (peut être null)
            sortBy: chronoInfo.sortBy,// Champ de tri
            sortDirection: chronoInfo.sortDirection,//True pour inverser l'ordre de tri
            pageNumber: chronoInfo.currentPage,//Page de résultats
            pageSize: chronoInfo.pageSize//Nb enregistrements par page
        });

        return this.apiFetcher.fetchJson(URL, params);
        //retourne les AL par année & mois
    }

此方法的测试是：

import { TestBed, async, inject } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { AnnonceChronoDetailService } from './annonce-chrono-detail.service';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
import { UrlDecoratorService } from "src/app/common/url-decorator.service";
import { HttpClientTestingModule, HttpTestingController } from '@angular/common/http/testing';
import { APIFetcherService } from "src/app/services/common/api-fetcher.service";
import { Http, ConnectionBackend, RequestOptions, HttpModule } from "@angular/http";
import { ALChrono } from '../../common/IALChrono.interface';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';

describe('AnnonceChronoDetailService', () => {
    let service: AnnonceChronoDetailService;
    let alChrono: ALChrono = { //it's an interface'
        year: 2012,
        month: -1,
        sortBy: 'asc',
        sortDirection: true,
        currentPage: 1,
        pageSize: 15
    }

    beforeEach(() => {
        TestBed.configureTestingModule({
            imports: [HttpModule],
            providers: [
                AnnonceChronoDetailService,
                UrlDecoratorService,
                APIFetcherService,
                Http,
                ConnectionBackend]
        });
    });


    it('should be created', inject([AnnonceChronoDetailService], (service: AnnonceChronoDetailService) => {
        expect(service).toBeTruthy();
    }
    ));


    it('#fetchData should return value from observable', (done: DoneFn) => {
        service.fetchData(alChrono).subscribe(value => {
            expect(value).toBe('observable value');
            done();
        });
    });

});

当我执行ng test时，我在第二次测试#fetchData should return value from observable中遇到问题，错误是：

AnnonceChronoDetailService > #fetchData should return value from observable


TypeError: Cannot read property 'fetchData' of undefined
    at <Jasmine>
    at UserContext.<anonymous> (http://localhost:9876/src/app/services/annonce-legale/annonce-chrono-detail.service.spec.ts?:41:17)
    at ZoneDelegate../node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js.ZoneDelegate.invoke (http://localhost:9876/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js?:388:1)
    at ProxyZoneSpec.push../node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone-testing.js.ProxyZoneSpec.onInvoke (http://localhost:9876/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone-testing.js?:288:1)
    at ZoneDelegate../node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js.ZoneDelegate.invoke (http://localhost:9876/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js?:387:1)
    at Zone../node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js.Zone.run (http://localhost:9876/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js?:138:1)
    at runInTestZone (http://localhost:9876/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone-testing.js?:506:1)
    at UserContext.<anonymous> (http://localhost:9876/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone-testing.js?:522:1)
    at <Jasmine>

我尝试了一些解决方案，例如添加asyn，但问题是相同的。

Answer 1

您在第一个规范中定义了“服务”（“ it”功能），然后在第二个规范中尝试使用它。如果您想在每个规格中使用'service'变量，这很有意义，那么我建议您在beforeEach函数中放置类似这样的内容，以便为每个规格正确定义服务：

service = TestBed.get(AnnonceChronoDetailService);

然后将您的第一个规格更改为以下内容：

it('should be created', () => {
    expect(service).toBeTruthy();
});

现在您的第二个规格应该可以按照书面要求工作。

更新：

为其他服务添加间谍。有很多方法可以做到这一点。这是一个：

describe('AnnonceChronoDetailService', () => {
    const spyDecorator = jasmine.createSpyObj('UrlDecoratorService', {
        urlAPIDecorate: '/test/url',
        generateParameters: null /* set test params to return here /*
    };
    const spyFetcher = jasmine.createSpyObj('APIFetcherService', {
        fetchJson: {}
    };
    let service: AnnonceChronoDetailService;
    ...

现在将提供程序数组更改为使用间谍而不是原始服务：

        providers: [
            AnnonceChronoDetailService,
            { provide: UrlDecoratorService, useValue: spyDecorator } ,
            { provide: APIFetcherService, useValue: spyFetcher },
            ]

，然后在您的规格文件中可以检查那些间谍。将这些建议更改为您真正关心的事情：

it('#fetchData should return value from observable', () => {
    spyFetcher.fetchJson.and.returnValue(of('observable value'));
    service.fetchData(alChrono).subscribe(value => {
        expect(value).toEqual('observable value');
    });
    expect(spyDecorator.urlAPIDecorate).toHaveBeenCalled();
    expect(spyDecorator.generateParameters).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
    expect(spyFetcher.fetchJson).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/test/url', /* test params defined above */);
});

TypeError：无法读取未定义的茉莉花业力的属性“ fetchData”

1 个答案:

更新：