我有以下代表用户工作组的模型。每个工作组都有一个领导者和成员:
class WorkingGroup(models.Model):
group_name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
leader = models.ForeignKey(User, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
class WorkingGroupMember(models.Model):
group = models.ForeignKey(WorkingGroup, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
在DRF中,我想高效地检索所有组(有几百个)作为以下json对象的数组:
{
'id': <the_group_id>
'group_name': <the_group_name>
'leader': <id_of_leader>
'members': [<id_of_member_1>, <id_of_member_2>, ...]
}
为此,我设置了以下序列化器:
class WorkingGroupSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
members = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = WorkingGroup
fields = ('id', 'group_name', 'leader', 'members',)
def get_members(self, obj):
return obj.workinggroupmember_set.all().values_list('user_id', flat=True)
在我看来,我可以做类似的事情:
groups = WorkingGroup.objects.all().prefetch_related('workinggroupmember_set')
group_serializer = WorkingGroupSerializer(groups, many=True)
这可行,并给出了预期的结果,但是我发现它根本无法很好地扩展,因为预取workinggroupmember_set
似乎没有在get_members
方法内部使用(Silky是显示一个查询以获取所有WorkingGroup
个对象,然后显示一个workinggroupmember_set
方法中每个get_members
调用的查询)。是否可以在不使用members
的情况下在序列化器中设置workinggroupmember_set
字段以获取SerializerMethodField
的扁平/单字段版本?还是其他可以让我正确使用预取的方式?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
这里的问题是您在values_list
之上执行all
,这会使您的prefetch_related
无效。当前无法使用values_list
进行预取,请参见https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/26565。您可以做的就是将其转换为python代码而不是SQL
class WorkingGroupSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
members = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = WorkingGroup
fields = ('id', 'group_name', 'leader', 'members',)
def get_members(self, obj):
return [wgm.user_id for wgm in obj.workinggroupmember_set.all()]
答案 1 :(得分:0)
在最近使用DRF v3.9.1和django 2.1的项目中,我需要通过仅与父对象直接连接来递归地显示对象的所有子对象,而父对象可能有多个子对象。
之前,如果我要请求对象的“树”,我会得到:
{
"uuid": "b85385c0e0a84785b6ca87ce50132659",
"name": "a",
"parent": null
}
通过应用下面显示的序列化,我得到:
{
"uuid": "b85385c0e0a84785b6ca87ce50132659",
"name": "a",
"parent": null
"children": [
{
"uuid": "efd26a820b4e4f7c8e56c812a7791fcb",
"name": "aa",
"parent": "b85385c0e0a84785b6ca87ce50132659"
"children": [
{
"uuid": "ca2441fc7abf49b6aa1f3ebbc2dae251",
"name": "aaa",
"parent": "efd26a820b4e4f7c8e56c812a7791fcb"
"children": [],
}
],
},
{
"uuid": "40e09c85775d4f1a8578bba9c812df0e",
"name": "ab",
"parent": "b85385c0e0a84785b6ca87ce50132659"
"children": [],
}
],
}
这是递归对象的models.py
:
class CategoryDefinition(BaseModelClass):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
parent = models.ForeignKey('self', related_name='children',
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
null=True, blank=True)
要获取外键中的所有反向对象,请将一个字段应用于序列化程序类:
class DeepCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
children = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = models.CategoryDefinition
fields = '__all__'
def get_children(self, obj):
return [DeepCategorySerializer().to_representation(cat) for cat in obj.children.all()]
然后将此序列化程序应用于DRF视图函数或泛型类,例如:
re_path(r'categories/(?P<pk>[\w\d]{32})/',
generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView.as_view(
queryset=models.CategoryDefinition.objects.all(),
serializer_class=serializers.DeepCategorySerializer),
name='category-update'),