数据类子类不继承__repr__

Question

我正在使用从Python 3.7向后移植的Python dataclasses模块。 我偶然发现了数据类子类不继承__repr__的行为：

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'{self.__class__.__qualname__}({self.name})'

    def print_something(self):
        return self.name

@dataclass
class Employee(Person):
    title: str

这是输出

In [21]: e = Employee(name='Dmitry', title='Systems Engineer')

In [22]: p = Person(name='Dmitry')

In [23]: repr(e)
Out[23]: "Employee(name='Dmitry', title='Systems Engineer')"

In [24]: p = Person(name='Dmitry')

In [25]: repr(p)
Out[25]: 'Person(Dmitry)'

In [26]: p.print_something()
Out[26]: 'Dmitry'

In [27]: e = Employee(name='Dmitry', title='Systems Engineer')

In [28]: repr(e)
Out[28]: "Employee(name='Dmitry', title='Systems Engineer')"

In [29]: e.print_something()
Out[29]: 'Dmitry'

1）为什么会这样？
2）是否有解决此问题的方法（在子类中重新定义__repr__除外）？

Answer 1

之所以会这样，是因为dataclass自动添加了一个__repr__方法，该方法只是发生，几乎与您在基类中拥有的方法完全一样，因此您没有注意。为repr=False传递dataclass，不要添加重复：

In [5]: from dataclasses import dataclass
   ...:
   ...: @dataclass(repr=False)
   ...: class Person:
   ...:     name: str
   ...:
   ...:     def __repr__(self):
   ...:         return f'{self.__class__.__qualname__}({self.name})'
   ...:
   ...:     def print_something(self):
   ...:         return self.name
   ...:
   ...: @dataclass(repr=False)
   ...: class Employee(Person):
   ...:     title: str
   ...:

In [6]: Person('foo')
Out[6]: Person(foo)

In [7]: Employee('foo', 'bar')
Out[7]: Employee(foo)