我正在测试TestContainers,我想知道如何填充执行.sql文件的数据库以创建结构并添加一些行。
如何做到?
@Rule
public PostgreSQLContainer postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer();
非常感谢
胡安·安东尼奥
答案 0 :(得分:5)
JdbcDatabaseContainer::withInitScript
这种解决方案的优点是脚本在 Spring Application Context
加载之前运行(至少当它在静态块中时)并且代码非常简单。
示例:
static {
postgreSQLContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer("postgres:9.6.8")
.withDatabaseName("integration-tests-db")
.withUsername("sa")
.withPassword("sa");
postgreSQLContainer
.withInitScript("some/location/on/classpath/someScript.sql");
postgreSQLContainer.start();
}
JdbcDatabaseContainer
是 PostgreSQLContainer
的超类,因此该解决方案不仅适用于 postgres
,还适用于其他容器。
示例:
static {
postgreSQLContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer("postgres:9.6.8")
.withDatabaseName("integration-tests-db")
.withUsername("sa")
.withPassword("sa");
postgreSQLContainer.start();
var containerDelegate = new JdbcDatabaseDelegate(postgreSQLContainer, "");
ScriptUtils.runInitScript(containerDelegate, "some/location/on/classpath/someScriptFirst.sql");
ScriptUtils.runInitScript(containerDelegate, "some/location/on/classpath/someScriptSecond.sql");
ScriptUtils.runInitScript(containerDelegate, "ssome/location/on/classpath/someScriptThird.sql");
}
@Sql
注释@SpringBootTest
@Sql(scripts = ["some/location/on/classpath/someScriptFirst.sql", "some/location/on/classpath/someScriptSecond.sql"])
public class SomeTest {
//...
}
ResourceDatabasePopulator
从 jdbc.datasource.init
或 r2dbc.connection.init
连续使用 JDBC
或 R2DBC
时class DbInitializer {
private static boolean initialized = false;
@Autowired
void initializeDb(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
if (!initialized) {
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new DefaultResourceLoader();
Resource[] scripts = new Resource[] {
resourceLoader.getResource("classpath:some/location/on/classpath/someScriptFirst.sql"),
resourceLoader.getResource("classpath:some/location/on/classpath/someScriptSecond.sql"),
resourceLoader.getResource("classpath:some/location/on/classpath/someScriptThird.sql")
};
new ResourceDatabasePopulator(scripts).populate(connectionFactory).block();
initialized = true;
}
}
}
@SpringBootTest
@Import(DbInitializer.class)
public class SomeTest {
//...
}
JDBC
时数据库 URI 中的初始化脚本官方 Testcontainers
文档中提到:
https://www.testcontainers.org/modules/databases/jdbc/
类路径文件:
jdbc:tc:postgresql:9.6.8:///databasename?TC_INITSCRIPT=somepath/init_mysql.sql
不在类路径上的文件,但其路径相对于工作目录,通常是项目根目录:
jdbc:tc:postgresql:9.6.8:///databasename?TC_INITSCRIPT=file:src/main/resources/init_mysql.sql
使用初始化函数:
jdbc:tc:postgresql:9.6.8:///databasename?TC_INITFUNCTION=org.testcontainers.jdbc.JDBCDriverTest::sampleInitFunction
package org.testcontainers.jdbc;
public class JDBCDriverTest {
public static void sampleInitFunction(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
// e.g. run schema setup or Flyway/liquibase/etc DB migrations here...
}
...
}
答案 1 :(得分:2)
使用Spring Boot时,我发现最容易使用TestContainers的JDBC URL支持。
您可以创建一个application-integration-test.properties
文件(通常在src/test/resources
中,如下所示:
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:tc:postgresql://localhost/myappdb
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.testcontainers.jdbc.ContainerDatabaseDriver
spring.datasource.username=user
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none
# This line is only needed if you are using flyway for database migrations
# and not using the default location of `db/migration`
spring.flyway.locations=classpath:db/migration/postgresql
请注意JDBC网址中的:tc
部分。
您现在可以像这样编写单元测试:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE) @ActiveProfiles("integration-test")
public class UserRepositoryIntegrationTest {
@Autowired
private MyObjectRepository repository;
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate template;
@Test
public void test() {
// use your Spring Data repository, or the EntityManager or the JdbcTemplate to run your SQL and populate your database.
}
注意:Practical Guide to Building an API Back End with Spring Boot第7章对此进行了详细说明(免责声明:我是本书的作者)
答案 2 :(得分:2)
Spring框架提供了为测试套件或测试单元执行SQL脚本的功能。例如:
@Test
@Sql({"/test-schema.sql", "/test-user-data.sql"})
public void userTest {
// execute code that relies on the test schema and test data
}
这里是documentation。
您还可以查看Spring Test DBUnit,其中提供了用于为测试单元填充数据库的批注。它使用XML数据集文件。
@Test
@DatabaseSetup(value = "insert.xml")
@DatabaseTearDown(value = "insert.xml")
public void testInsert() throws Exception {
// Inserts "insert.xml" before test execution
// Remove "insert.xml" after test execution
}
此外,您还可以看看DbSetup,它提供了Java流利的DSL来填充数据库。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
您可以使用DatabaseRider(其在后台使用DBUnit)来填充测试数据库,并将TestContainers用作测试数据源。以下是一个示例测试,有关完整的源代码,请访问github here。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE) @ActiveProfiles("integration-test")
@DBRider //enables database rider in spring tests
@DBUnit(caseInsensitiveStrategy = Orthography.LOWERCASE) //https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43111996/why-postgresql-does-not-like-uppercase-table-names
public class SpringBootDBUnitIt {
private static final PostgreSQLContainer postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer(); //creates the database for all tests on this file
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@BeforeClass
public static void setupContainer() {
postgres.start();
}
@AfterClass
public static void shutdown() {
postgres.stop();
}
@Test
@DataSet("users.yml")
public void shouldListUsers() throws Exception {
assertThat(userRepository).isNotNull();
assertThat(userRepository.count()).isEqualTo(3);
assertThat(userRepository.findByEmail("springboot@gmail.com")).isEqualTo(new User(3));
}
@Test
@DataSet("users.yml") //users table will be cleaned before the test because default seeding strategy
@ExpectedDataSet("expected_users.yml")
public void shouldDeleteUser() throws Exception {
assertThat(userRepository).isNotNull();
assertThat(userRepository.count()).isEqualTo(3);
userRepository.delete(userRepository.findOne(2L));
entityManager.flush();//can't SpringBoot autoconfigure flushmode as commit/always
//assertThat(userRepository.count()).isEqualTo(2); //assertion is made by @ExpectedDataset
}
@Test
@DataSet(cleanBefore = true)//as we didn't declared a dataset DBUnit wont clear the table
@ExpectedDataSet("user.yml")
public void shouldInsertUser() throws Exception {
assertThat(userRepository).isNotNull();
assertThat(userRepository.count()).isEqualTo(0);
userRepository.save(new User("newUser@gmail.com", "new user"));
entityManager.flush();//can't SpringBoot autoconfigure flushmode as commit/always
//assertThat(userRepository.count()).isEqualTo(1); //assertion is made by @ExpectedDataset
}
}
src/test/resources/application-integration-test.properties
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:tc:postgresql://localhost/test
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.testcontainers.jdbc.ContainerDatabaseDriver
spring.datasource.username=test
spring.datasource.password=test
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL9Dialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
#spring.jpa.properties.org.hibernate.flushMode=ALWAYS #doesn't take effect
spring.jpa.hibernate.naming-strategy=org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
最后是数据集:
src/test/resources/datasets/users.yml
users:
- ID: 1
EMAIL: "dbunit@gmail.com"
NAME: "dbunit"
- ID: 2
EMAIL: "rmpestano@gmail.com"
NAME: "rmpestano"
- ID: 3
EMAIL: "springboot@gmail.com"
NAME: "springboot"
src/test/resources/datasets/expected_users.yml
users:
- ID: 1
EMAIL: "dbunit@gmail.com"
NAME: "dbunit"
- ID: 3
EMAIL: "springboot@gmail.com"
NAME: "springboot"
src/test/resources/datasets/user.yml
users:
- ID: "regex:\\d+"
EMAIL: "newUser@gmail.com"
NAME: "new user"
答案 4 :(得分:0)
经过一些回顾,我认为回顾一下使用测试容器的Spring Data JDBC中的示例很有趣:
注意:使用Java 8
git clone https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-data-jdbc.git
mvn clean install -Pall-dbs
我将创建一个简单的项目,并添加一些有关以前引用的项目的想法。
胡安·安东尼奥
答案 5 :(得分:0)
还有一个选项,如果您是在没有花哨的测试容器JDBC URL的情况下手动定义Postgres容器,则直接与Spring不相关。 Postgres映像允许将包含sql脚本的目录链接到容器卷并自动执行它们。
GenericContainer pgDb = new PostgreSQLContainer("postgres:9.4-alpine")
.withFileSystemBind("migrations/sqls", "/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d",
BindMode.READ_ONLY)
如果您在运行时需要一些东西,也可以随时执行
pgDb.execInContainer("psql ....")
。